Office Clerks, General
Medium65.57%
Found in Industries:
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation servicesArts, entertainment, and recreationConstructionEducation servicesHealth care and social assistanceManufacturingProfessional, Scientific and Technical ServicesPublic administrationRetail tradeTransportation and warehousingInformationOther services, except public administrationAccommodation and food servicesFinance and insuranceReal estate and rental and leasingUtilities
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$28,230
Median$40,480
High (90th %)$61,690
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Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing.
The occupation "Office Clerks, General" has an automation risk of 65.6%, which is just slightly below its overall base risk of 66.3%. This high risk is primarily due to the repetitive and procedural nature of many clerical tasks, which are increasingly susceptible to automation technologies. As artificial intelligence, robotics, and advanced software continue to evolve, many of the staple responsibilities of office clerks can be performed faster, more accurately, and at a lower long-term cost by machines. Organizations seeking efficiency gains are incentivized to automate functions that do not require nuanced judgment or creativity, which puts clerical roles at substantial risk. The top three most automatable tasks for office clerks include operating routine office machines (such as photocopiers, scanners, facsimile machines, and voice mail systems), handling incoming phone calls and messages, and communicating simple information to customers and staff regarding questions, orders, and complaints. These tasks are highly standardized and follow clear protocols, making them prime candidates for replacement by automated phone systems, chatbots, and smart office equipment. The ability of modern technologies to perform these jobs with minimal supervision means that organizations increasingly deploy such systems to reduce labor costs and avoid human error. However, several tasks within the office clerk's role are more resistant to automation. Troubleshooting issues with office equipment often requires a hands-on approach and adaptive problem-solving, which current AI and robotics struggle to replicate reliably. Similarly, tasks involving the physical counting, weighing, measuring, or organizing of materials can be difficult to fully automate, especially in environments with diverse or changing inputs. Training other staff members—particularly in the use of specialized computer applications—necessitates interpersonal skills, empathy, and adaptability, which remain challenging for automated systems to deliver with effectiveness. Bottleneck skills like originality, albeit present at a low level (2.1% and 2.0%), further underscore certain creative or improvisational tasks that remain out of reach for automation, providing a small but important buffer for human workers in this occupation.
Filter by Automatable Status
Operate office machines, such as photocopiers and scanners, facsimile machines, voice mail systems, and personal computers.
Non-Automatable
Answer telephones, direct calls, and take messages.
Automatable
Maintain and update filing, inventory, mailing, and database systems, either manually or using a computer.
Automatable
Compile, copy, sort, and file records of office activities, business transactions, and other activities.
Automatable
Review files, records, and other documents to obtain information to respond to requests.
Partially Automatable
Open, sort, and route incoming mail, answer correspondence, and prepare outgoing mail.
Partially Automatable
Compute, record, and proofread data and other information, such as records or reports.
Automatable
Complete work schedules, manage calendars, and arrange appointments.
Partially Automatable
Type, format, proofread, and edit correspondence and other documents, from notes or dictating machines, using computers or typewriters.
Automatable
Inventory and order materials, supplies, and services.
Partially Automatable
Deliver messages and run errands.
Non-Automatable
Collect, count, and disburse money, do basic bookkeeping, and complete banking transactions.
Automatable
Complete and mail bills, contracts, policies, invoices, or checks.
Automatable
Process and prepare documents, such as business or government forms and expense reports.
Partially Automatable
Monitor and direct the work of lower-level clerks.
Partially Automatable
Train other staff members to perform work activities, such as using computer applications.
Partially Automatable
Count, weigh, measure, or organize materials.
Automatable
Troubleshoot problems involving office equipment, such as computer hardware and software.
Partially Automatable
Prepare meeting agendas, attend meetings, and record and transcribe minutes.
Partially Automatable
Communicate with customers, employees, and other individuals to answer questions, disseminate or explain information, take orders, and address complaints.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningLearning StrategiesComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisJudgment and Decision MakingManagement of Material ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and Counseling
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesPerforming General Physical Activities
Medical condition coding softwareMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft WindowsLexisNexisLinkedInFiling system softwareMicrosoft ExchangeAlpha Software Alpha FiveOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneElectronic Data Interchange EDI systemsOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsMavenlinkIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft DynamicsMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordOracle PeopleSoftSage 50 AccountingSAP softwareSmugMug FlickrFacebookADP Workforce NowBlackboard softwareDatabase softwareDropboxEvernoteGoogle DocsGoogle DriveGroupMeIBM NotesBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeAdobe InDesignYardi softwareSalesforce.com Salesforce CRMGoogle SitesMedical procedure coding softwareMEDITECH softwareData entry softwareHenry Schein DentrixPropertywareMicrosoft OutlookBookkeeping software3M Post-it AppBilling softwareSocial media sitesBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeLexisNexisLinkedInFiling system softwareMicrosoft ExchangeElectronic Data Interchange EDI systemsMavenlinkTranscription system softwareOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft DynamicsMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft SharePointOracle PeopleSoftSage 50 AccountingSAP softwareSocial media sitesSmugMug FlickrFacebookADP Workforce NowBlackboard softwareDropboxEvernoteGoogle DocsGoogle DriveIBM NotesAdobe InDesignYardi softwareFileMaker ProGoogle SitesMEDITECH softwareData entry softwareHenry Schein DentrixPropertywareMicrosoft OutlookRecords management softwareBookkeeping software3M Post-it AppBilling softwareSt. Paul Travelers e-CARMASalesforce.com Salesforce CRMMedical procedure coding softwareWord processing softwareWord processing softwareSpreadsheet softwareSpreadsheet softwareAppointment scheduling softwareAppointment scheduling softwareIBM Check Processing Control System CPSCGroupMeAdobe AcrobatAdobe AcrobatRecords management softwareIBM Check Processing Control System CPSCSt. Paul Travelers e-CARMAAlpha Software Alpha FiveTranscription system softwareMicrosoft PowerPointDatabase softwareMedical condition coding softwareFileMaker ProMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareWeb browser softwareMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Access
Administrative Services Managers
Medium45.13%
Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, and other office support services.
Management Analysts
Medium51.36%
Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants.
Document Management Specialists
Medium56.74%
Implement and administer enterprise-wide document management systems and related procedures that allow organizations to capture, store, retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents.
Medical Records Specialists
High73.53%
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
Medium52.67%
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers.
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
High80.81%
Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to callers and record messages.
Billing and Posting Clerks
High79.60%
Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
High84.94%
Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.
Brokerage Clerks
High79.00%
Perform duties related to the purchase, sale, or holding of securities. Duties include writing orders for stock purchases or sales, computing transfer taxes, verifying stock transactions, accepting and delivering securities, tracking stock price fluctuations, computing equity, distributing dividends, and keeping records of daily transactions and holdings.
Correspondence Clerks
High78.29%
Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence.
Customer Service Representatives
High68.30%
Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support.
File Clerks
High71.35%
File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested.
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
High67.61%
Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons.
Receptionists and Information Clerks
High74.18%
Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization.
Postal Service Clerks
High70.36%
Perform any combination of tasks in a United States Postal Service (USPS) post office, such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage and revenue stamps, postal cards, and stamped envelopes; fill out and sell money orders; place mail in pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags; and examine mail for correct postage. Includes postal service clerks employed by USPS contractors.
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
Medium60.44%
Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High68.79%
Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High79.20%
Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
High71.06%
Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks
High81.10%
Process new insurance policies, modifications to existing policies, and claims forms. Obtain information from policyholders to verify the accuracy and completeness of information on claims forms, applications and related documents, and company records. Update existing policies and company records to reflect changes requested by policyholders and insurance company representatives.
Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
Medium58.72%
Plan, direct, or coordinate operational, administrative, management, and support services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office.
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Medium45.20%
Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.
Archivists
Medium51.16%
Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities based on archival materials.
Library Technicians
Medium62.26%
Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries.
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
High79.75%
Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Medium45.72%
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.
Funeral Attendants
Low16.52%
Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket, and issuing and storing funeral equipment.
Cashiers
High68.95%
Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate checks.
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
Medium64.71%
Exchange coins, tokens, and chips for patrons' money. May issue payoffs and obtain customer's signature on receipt. May operate a booth in the slot machine area and furnish change persons with money bank at the start of the shift, or count and audit money in drawers.
Telephone Operators
High76.09%
Provide information by accessing alphabetical, geographical, or other directories. Assist customers with special billing requests, such as charges to a third party and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialed numbers or bad connections. May handle emergency calls and assist children or people with physical disabilities to make telephone calls.
Bill and Account Collectors
Medium65.81%
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicit payment. Duties include receiving payment and posting amount to customer's account, preparing statements to credit department if customer fails to respond, initiating repossession proceedings or service disconnection, and keeping records of collection and status of accounts.
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
High77.74%
Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks.
Procurement Clerks
High71.53%
Compile information and records to draw up purchase orders for procurement of materials and services.
Tellers
High75.92%
Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Medium65.96%
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
High66.78%
Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing.
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
High72.78%
Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys or cards, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests' accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests.
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
Medium54.04%
Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms.
Library Assistants, Clerical
Medium59.54%
Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.
New Accounts Clerks
High67.67%
Interview persons desiring to open accounts in financial institutions. Explain account services available to prospective customers and assist them in preparing applications.
Order Clerks
High80.71%
Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints.
Postal Service Mail Carriers
Medium56.66%
Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors.
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators
Medium51.33%
Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Examine, sort, and route mail. Load, operate, and occasionally adjust and repair mail processing, sorting, and canceling machinery. Keep records of shipments, pouches, and sacks, and perform other duties related to mail handling within the postal service. Includes postal service mail sorters and processors employed by USPS contractors.
Data Entry Keyers
High74.25%
Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing.
Word Processors and Typists
High83.45%
Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned.
Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
Medium58.07%
Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms.
Stockers and Order Fillers
Medium56.05%
Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays.