Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
High71.06%
Found in Industries:
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation servicesArts, entertainment, and recreationEducation servicesHealth care and social assistanceManufacturingProfessional, Scientific and Technical ServicesPublic administrationOther services, except public administrationAccommodation and food services
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$30,280
Median$44,280
High (90th %)$62,340
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Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.
The occupation "Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive" faces a significant automation risk, with a base risk of 71.8% and an overall calculated risk of 71.1%. This high risk level is largely due to the routine and repetitive nature of many core responsibilities in this role. Technological advancements in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and workflow automation have made it increasingly feasible for machines to handle tasks like phone management, greeting visitors, and maintaining databases. These areas are supported by software solutions ranging from virtual receptionists to advanced customer relationship management (CRM) systems, which can accomplish these duties with efficiency and consistency. As a result, a large portion of duties traditionally carried out by secretaries and administrative assistants are susceptible to partial or full automation. Specifically, the top three most automatable tasks within this occupation are "Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals," "Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs," and "Create, maintain, and enter information into databases." Each of these tasks involves well-defined, rule-based actions which can be easily programmed and scaled by computer systems. Call routing and basic inquiry handling are now managed by sophisticated virtual assistants and chatbot technologies, while automated data entry and information management reduce the need for human intervention. These developments lead to increased efficiency but also lessen the demand for personnel to handle these routine operations, directly contributing to the high automation risk for this occupational category. Conversely, the tasks with the most resistance to automation highlight where human skills continue to be valuable. "Develop or maintain internal or external company Web sites," "Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information," and "Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies" all require creativity, judgment, and a degree of personalization that current automation technologies find challenging to replicate. These resistant tasks often call for Originality—a bottleneck skill measured at just 2.0% prevalence in the role—which indicates that while present, uniquely creative and situational problem-solving are not the primary focus of most administrative assistant work. As automation progresses, professionals who can emphasize these skills or transition toward roles requiring higher Originality and coordination will be more likely to maintain long-term job security.
Filter by Automatable Status
Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals.
Automatable
Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs.
Partially Automatable
Create, maintain, and enter information into databases.
Automatable
Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.
Automatable
Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions.
Partially Automatable
Operate electronic mail systems and coordinate the flow of information, internally or with other organizations.
Partially Automatable
Schedule and confirm appointments for clients, customers, or supervisors.
Automatable
Maintain scheduling and event calendars.
Partially Automatable
Complete forms in accordance with company procedures.
Automatable
Locate and attach appropriate files to incoming correspondence requiring replies.
Automatable
Conduct searches to find needed information, using such sources as the Internet.
Automatable
Open, read, route, and distribute incoming mail or other materials and answer routine letters.
Partially Automatable
Review work done by others to check for correct spelling and grammar, ensure that company format policies are followed, and recommend revisions.
Automatable
Make copies of correspondence or other printed material.
Automatable
Learn to operate new office technologies as they are developed and implemented.
Partially Automatable
Train and assist staff with computer usage.
Partially Automatable
Order and dispense supplies.
Automatable
Prepare conference or event materials, such as flyers or invitations.
Partially Automatable
Perform payroll functions, such as maintaining timekeeping information and processing and submitting payroll.
Partially Automatable
Establish work procedures or schedules and keep track of the daily work of clerical staff.
Partially Automatable
Provide services to customers, such as order placement or account information.
Automatable
Prepare and mail checks.
Partially Automatable
Arrange conference, meeting, or travel reservations for office personnel.
Automatable
Supervise other clerical staff and provide training and orientation to new staff.
Partially Automatable
Manage projects or contribute to committee or team work.
Partially Automatable
Coordinate conferences, meetings, or special events, such as luncheons or graduation ceremonies.
Partially Automatable
Mail newsletters, promotional material, or other information.
Automatable
Develop or maintain internal or external company Web sites.
Partially Automatable
Set up and manage paper or electronic filing systems, recording information, updating paperwork, or maintaining documents, such as attendance records, correspondence, or other material.
Partially Automatable
Compose, type, and distribute meeting notes, routine correspondence, or reports, such as presentations or expense, statistical, or monthly reports.
Automatable
Collect and deposit money into accounts, disburse funds from cash accounts to pay bills or invoices, keep records of collections and disbursements, and ensure accounts are balanced.
Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems AnalysisManagement of Material ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationComplex Problem SolvingOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingLaw and Government
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking Creatively
Microsoft WindowsNortonLifeLock cybersecurity softwareOracle E-Business Suite FinancialsOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneClassDojoData warehouse softwareFiling system softwareCisco WebexDictation softwareApple KeynoteDelphi TechnologyAdobe PhotoshopFacebookAdobe Creative Cloud softwareAirtableApache HadoopApple macOSBlackboard softwareCitrix cloud computing softwareAdobe DreamweaverDropboxEvernoteAdobe IllustratorGoogle DriveAdobe InDesignDrupalApache HiveApache SolrGoogle SitesCanvaFileMaker ProGoogle MeetApache CassandraApache TomcatGoogle SheetsDesktop publishing softwareFaceTime3M Post-it Apppeople@workMicrosoft DynamicsMicrosoft Dynamics GPMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookKronos Workforce TimekeeperMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordOracle PeopleSoftLexisNexisSage 50 AccountingSAP softwareLinkedInSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareSalesforce softwareGoogle SlidesGroupMeMcAfeeIBM Cognos ImpromptuIBM InfoSphere DataStageIBM NotesIBM SPSS StatisticsMicrosoft ExchangeMicrosoft OneNoteMicrosoft AccessIBM Power Systems softwareMicrosoft SQL ServerMicrosoft WindowsMicroStrategyMinitabNetSuite ERPOracle DatabaseOracle E-Business Suite FinancialsOracle HyperionOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneOracle SolarisOracle TaleoSAP Business ObjectsSAP Crystal ReportsSASSlackSocial media sitesTax softwareVeritas NetBackupYouTubeLogMeIn GoToMeetingYardi softwareZoomGoogle Workspace softwareHypertext markup language HTMLMedical procedure coding softwareIBM Maximo Asset ManagementIBM WebSphereLinuxOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft Dynamics SLSpreadsheet softwarePresentation softwareLoomIntrado SchoolMessengerLogMeIn GoToWebinarWeb conferencing softwareSkypeMicrosoft Active Server Pages ASPSAP ConcurHandheld computer device softwareQuest Erwin Data ModelerBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeAdobe IllustratorOracle Business Intelligence Enterprise EditionClassDojoCisco WebexData warehouse softwareAppointment scheduling softwareApple KeynoteDelphi TechnologyAdobe DreamweaverAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Creative Cloud softwareADP Workforce NowAirtableApple macOSAdobe InDesignBlackboard softwareCitrix cloud computing softwareDatabase softwareApache PigApache SolrCanvaApache HTTP ServerApache TomcatAtlassian JIRA3M Post-it AppFiling system softwareKronos Workforce TimekeeperDictation softwareLexisNexispeople@workMicrosoft Dynamics GPMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordOracle PeopleSoftSage 50 AccountingSAP softwareSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareFacebookSalesforce softwareLinkedInDropboxGoogle DocsGoogle DriveMcAfeeGoogle SlidesGroupMeMicrosoft ExchangeMicrosoft OneNoteIBM InfoSphere DataStageIBM NotesMicrosoft AccessIBM SPSS StatisticsMicrosoft SQL ServerMicrosoft VisioMicroStrategyMinitabNetSuite ERPOracle DatabaseOracle HyperionOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsOracle SolarisOracle TaleoQlik Tech QlikViewQuest Erwin Data ModelerSAP Business ObjectsSAP Crystal ReportsSASSlackFileMaker ProTax softwareTeradata DatabaseVeritas NetBackupLogMeIn GoToMeetingDrupalGoogle SitesYardi softwareGoogle MeetMicrosoft TeamsHuman resource management software HRMSOracle Business Intelligence Enterprise EditionZoomMedical procedure coding softwareIBM Maximo Asset ManagementOracle Fusion ApplicationsIBM WebSphereLinuxMicrosoft Dynamics SLWeb conferencing softwareMicrosoft DynamicsSpreadsheet softwarePresentation softwareLoomSchoologyLogMeIn GoToWebinarGoogle SheetsMozilla FirefoxFaceTimeSkypeMicrosoft Active Server Pages ASPSAP ConcurTimekeeping softwareGoogle Workspace softwareHypertext markup language HTMLApache CassandraFund accounting softwareDesktop publishing softwareTimekeeping softwareAppointment scheduling softwareADP Workforce NowAtlassian ConfluenceHandheld computer device softwareEvernoteAdobe AcrobatGoogle DocsHuman resource management software HRMSAdobe AcrobatMozilla FirefoxOracle Fusion ApplicationsQlik Tech QlikViewOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementApache HiveApache PigMicrosoft TeamsApache HTTP ServerIntrado SchoolMessengerSchoologyData entry softwareData entry softwareFund accounting softwareApache HadoopAtlassian ConfluenceIBM Power Systems softwareMicrosoft VisioNortonLifeLock cybersecurity softwareOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsSocial media sitesTeradata DatabaseYouTubeAtlassian JIRAIntuit QuickBooksCustomer information control system CICSCustomer information control system CICSDatabase softwareIBM Cognos Impromptu
Chief Executives
Medium38.73%
Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
Administrative Services Managers
Medium45.13%
Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, and other office support services.
Human Resources Specialists
Medium54.95%
Recruit, screen, interview, or place individuals within an organization. May perform other activities in multiple human resources areas.
Management Analysts
Medium51.36%
Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants.
Social Science Research Assistants
Medium53.73%
Assist social scientists in laboratory, survey, and other social science research. May help prepare findings for publication and assist in laboratory analysis, quality control, or data management.
First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers
Medium55.95%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards.
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
Medium52.67%
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers.
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
High80.81%
Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to callers and record messages.
Correspondence Clerks
High78.29%
Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Medium65.96%
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Customer Service Representatives
High68.30%
Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support.
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
High66.78%
Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing.
File Clerks
High71.35%
File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested.
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
Medium54.04%
Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms.
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
High67.61%
Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons.
Receptionists and Information Clerks
High74.18%
Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization.
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
Medium60.44%
Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High68.79%
Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High79.20%
Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
Office Clerks, General
Medium65.57%
Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing.
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
Medium51.43%
Coordinate activities of staff, convention personnel, or clients to make arrangements for group meetings, events, or conventions.
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Medium45.20%
Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.
Archivists
Medium51.16%
Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities based on archival materials.
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists
Medium50.09%
Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.
Library Technicians
Medium62.26%
Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries.
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
High79.75%
Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers
Low31.34%
Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners.
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
High77.74%
Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks.
Library Assistants, Clerical
Medium59.54%
Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.
Word Processors and Typists
High83.45%
Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned.