Medical and Health Services Managers
Medium49.14%
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$67,900
Median$110,680
High (90th %)$216,750
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Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.
The occupation of Medical and Health Services Managers has an automation risk of 49.1%, which is closely aligned with its base risk of 50.0%. This moderate level of risk is largely due to the administrative and supervisory nature of many of the tasks required in the profession. Tasks such as directly supervising and evaluating the work activities of a diverse range of personnel, developing and maintaining computerized record management systems, and planning, implementing, and administering programs and services within healthcare facilities are highly automatable. Advances in artificial intelligence and automation technologies make it increasingly possible for software to track performance, generate reports, schedule resources, and coordinate routine processes, reducing the necessity for human management in these aspects. However, several core responsibilities within this occupation remain resistant to automation, thus keeping the automation risk below full saturation. For example, inspecting facilities and making recommendations for modifications to meet emergency, access, safety, and sanitation regulations often require nuanced judgment and the ability to recognize context-specific details, something current AI and robotics struggle with. Similarly, the development of instructional materials and delivery of in-service or community-based educational programs demand a high degree of customization, creativity, and interpersonal engagement. Consulting with medical, business, and community stakeholders to address problems and coordinate health initiatives calls for skills in negotiation, empathy, and adaptive communication, all of which are less amenable to automation. The occupation’s primary bottleneck skills further underscore why full automation is not yet feasible. Originality is listed twice among the bottleneck skills, with respective prevalence levels of 3.1% and 3.8%. Although these percentages are relatively low in the context of overall job tasks, they represent critical moments where truly original solutions or creative thinking are necessary—situations in which standardized algorithms or rule-based systems falter. The ability to innovate, craft unique educational initiatives, or troubleshoot unprecedented regulatory challenges requires a human element, thus buffering the occupation against total automation for the foreseeable future.
Filter by Automatable Status
Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel.
Partially Automatable
Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports.
Partially Automatable
Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.
Partially Automatable
Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options.
Partially Automatable
Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability.
Partially Automatable
Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services.
Partially Automatable
Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel.
Partially Automatable
Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.
Partially Automatable
Maintain communication between governing boards, medical staff, and department heads by attending board meetings and coordinating interdepartmental functioning.
Partially Automatable
Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed.
Partially Automatable
Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit.
Partially Automatable
Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.
Partially Automatable
Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives.
Partially Automatable
Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health.
Partially Automatable
Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs.
Partially Automatable
Inspect facilities and recommend building or equipment modifications to ensure emergency readiness and compliance to access, safety, and sanitation regulations.
Partially Automatable
Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff.
Partially Automatable
Consult with medical, business, and community groups to discuss service problems, respond to community needs, enhance public relations, coordinate activities and plans, and promote health programs.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningService OrientationComplex Problem SolvingOperations AnalysisOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructing
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryProduction and ProcessingComputers and ElectronicsMathematicsPhysicsChemistryHistory and ArcheologyFine ArtsPhilosophy and TheologyLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageEducation and TrainingTherapy and CounselingPublic Safety and SecurityFood Production
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDocumenting/Recording InformationInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
Inventory management softwareMedical condition coding softwareMicroStrategyLexisNexisMicrosoft DynamicsMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft WordApache HadoopBlackboard softwareDatabase softwareGoogle AdsGoogle DocsGoogle DriveIBM Cognos ImpromptuIBM DominoIBM NotesIBM Power Systems softwareIBM SPSS StatisticsLinkedInMarketo Marketing AutomationMicrosoft ExchangeMicrosoft SQL ServerMicrosoft VisioMicrosoft WindowsApache PigFileMaker ProGoogle MeetMicrosoft TeamsAutodesk RevitApache MavenHealthcare common procedure coding system HCPCSFund accounting softwareMicrosoft PowerPointe-MDs BillGeographic information system GIS softwareEpic SystemsMicrosoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS3DGrid HIPAA CheckupAcuStafAllscripts healthcare automation softwareAlteer OfficeAPI Healthcare ActiveStafferArticSoft FileAssurityBed Management SuiteCerner ProFileCliniTrendColorSoft AutoMatchConceptDrawCurrent procedural terminology CPT softwareData entry softwareDxCG RiskSmarte-MDs Charte-MDs DocMane-MDs ScheduleElectronic medical record EMR softwareEmdeon HealthProGE Healthcare Centricity EMRGoogle SheetsHenry Schein DentrixMcKesson Horizon Ambulatory CareMEDENTMedFORCE Technologies WorkFLOWOracle PeopleSoftSage 50 AccountingSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareSalesforce softwareTableauMinitabOracle HyperionOracle TaleoQlik Tech QlikViewRSAP Business ObjectsSAP Crystal ReportsSASSocial media sitesStataCorp StataTeradata DatabaseVeritas NetBackupYardi softwareOracle Business Intelligence Enterprise EditionOracle Fusion ApplicationsTrimble SketchUp ProMisys Healthcare Systems Misys TigerNuance PaperPort ProfessionalPCC EHRRelative Values for PhysiciansYost Engineering ABN AssistantYost Engineering ClaimScrubYost Engineering CodeSearch ProYost Engineering EPStaffCheckOracle E-Business Suite FinancialsOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneOracle JD Edwards EnterpriseOneBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeLexisNexisIntuit QuickBooksApache HadoopCitrix cloud computing softwareDatabase softwareGoogle AdsLinkedInGoogle DocsGoogle DriveIBM Cognos ImpromptuIBM DominoIBM NotesIBM Power Systems softwareIBM SPSS StatisticsMarketo Marketing AutomationCisco WebexFileMaker ProGoogle MeetAutodesk RevitApache MavenEpic Systemse-MDs BillGeographic information system GIS software3DGrid HIPAA CheckupAcuStafAllscripts healthcare automation softwareAlteer OfficeAPI Healthcare ActiveStafferArticSoft FileAssurityBed Management SuiteCerner ProFileCliniTrendColorSoft AutoMatchConceptDrawCurrent procedural terminology CPT softwareData entry softwareDxCG RiskSmarte-MDs Charte-MDs DocMane-MDs ScheduleElectronic medical record EMR softwareEmdeon HealthProGE Healthcare Centricity EMRGoogle SheetsHenry Schein DentrixMcKesson Horizon Ambulatory CareMEDENTMedFORCE Technologies WorkFLOWMicrosoft ExchangeMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft PublisherMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordOracle PeopleSoftSage 50 AccountingMicrosoft SQL ServerSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareSalesforce softwareTableauMicrosoft AccessStructured query language SQLMicrosoft VisioMicrosoft Visual BasicMicrosoft WindowsMicroStrategyMinitabOracle HyperionOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsOracle TaleoQlik Tech QlikViewRSAP Business ObjectsSAP Crystal ReportsSASSocial media sitesStataCorp StataTeradata DatabaseMicrosoft TeamsOracle Fusion ApplicationsMEDITECH softwareTrimble SketchUp ProMicrosoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRSMicrosoft ExcelMisys Healthcare Systems Misys TigerNuance PaperPort ProfessionalPCC EHRRelative Values for PhysiciansYost Engineering ClaimScrubYost Engineering CodeSearch ProYost Engineering EPStaffCheckMEDITECH Medical and Practice Management MPM SuiteTeleTracking PreAdmit-TrackingApache PigYardi softwareOracle Business Intelligence Enterprise EditionMedical procedure coding softwareMedical procedure coding softwareHealthcare common procedure coding system HCPCSFund accounting softwareIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft ExcelOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementeClinicalWorks EHR softwareMicrosoft SharePointIntegrated development environment IDE softwareFacebookFacebookDelphi TechnologyDelphi TechnologyAdobe AcrobatHuman resource management software HRMSAdobe AcrobatInventory management softwareMicrosoft Visual BasicOracle E-Business Suite FinancialsOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementVeritas NetBackupCisco WebexIntegrated development environment IDE softwareMEDITECH softwareMicrosoft SQL Server Integration Services SSISMicrosoft SQL Server Integration Services SSISeClinicalWorks EHR softwareAmerican Medical Association CodeManagerAmerican Medical Association CodeManagerContract management softwareContract management softwareCareCentric MestaMedCareCentric MestaMedDental Common Access System DENCASDental Common Access System DENCASYost Engineering ABN AssistantExpert Health Data Programming VitalnetExpert Health Data Programming VitalnetKodak Dental Systems Kodak SOFTDENT Practice management software PMSKodak Dental Systems Kodak SOFTDENT Practice management software PMSPCC Pediatric PartnerPCC Pediatric PartnerMEDITECH Medical and Practice Management MPM SuiteTeleTracking PreAdmit-TrackingYost Engineering EpiCoderYost Engineering EpiCoderMicrosoft DynamicsMicrosoft OutlookBlackboard softwareCitrix cloud computing softwareStructured query language SQLMedical condition coding softwareOracle PeopleSoft FinancialsHuman resource management software HRMSMicrosoft Office software
Administrative Services Managers
Medium45.13%
Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, and other office support services.
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare
Medium43.37%
Plan, direct, or coordinate academic or nonacademic activities of preschools or childcare centers and programs, including before- and after-school care.
Clinical Research Coordinators
Medium49.27%
Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects. Direct the activities of workers engaged in clinical research projects to ensure compliance with protocols and overall clinical objectives. May evaluate and analyze clinical data.
Social and Community Service Managers
Medium36.80%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers.
Management Analysts
Medium51.36%
Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants.
Health Informatics Specialists
Medium49.02%
Apply knowledge of nursing and informatics to assist in the design, development, and ongoing modification of computerized health care systems. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the health care system.
Clinical Data Managers
Medium57.40%
Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze clinical data, and to identify and report trends.
Rehabilitation Counselors
Medium39.06%
Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, aging, or the stress of daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and treatment facilities. Assess client needs and design and implement rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational counseling, training, and job placement.
Health Education Specialists
Medium44.56%
Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals, families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and may administer fiscal resources for health education programs.
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium41.34%
Teach courses in health specialties, in fields such as dentistry, laboratory technology, medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, and veterinary medicine.
Registered Nurses
Medium37.38%
Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required.
Clinical Nurse Specialists
Medium40.96%
Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Medium39.71%
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.
Preventive Medicine Physicians
Medium44.14%
Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention.
Medical Records Specialists
High73.53%
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
Patient Representatives
Medium47.37%
Assist patients in obtaining services, understanding policies and making health care decisions.
Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
Medium57.81%
Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases.
Occupational Therapy Aides
Low32.90%
Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room.
Medical Assistants
Medium39.45%
Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High79.20%
Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
Facilities Managers
Medium49.28%
Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus.
Compensation and Benefits Managers
Medium49.22%
Plan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefits activities of an organization.
Human Resources Managers
Medium49.09%
Plan, direct, or coordinate human resources activities and staff of an organization.
Education Administrators, Postsecondary
Medium40.85%
Plan, direct, or coordinate student instruction, administration, and services, as well as other research and educational activities, at postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and junior and community colleges.
Emergency Management Directors
Medium43.69%
Plan and direct disaster response or crisis management activities, provide disaster preparedness training, and prepare emergency plans and procedures for natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes), wartime, or technological (e.g., nuclear power plant emergencies or hazardous materials spills) disasters or hostage situations.
Funeral Home Managers
Medium40.71%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the services or resources of funeral homes. Includes activities such as determining prices for services or merchandise and managing the facilities of funeral homes.
Fitness and Wellness Coordinators
Medium51.19%
Manage or coordinate fitness and wellness programs and services. Manage and train staff of wellness specialists, health educators, or fitness instructors.
Spa Managers
Medium53.87%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of a spa facility. Coordinate programs, schedule and direct staff, and oversee financial activities.
Compliance Managers
Medium47.57%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization to ensure compliance with ethical or regulatory standards.
Loss Prevention Managers
Medium47.31%
Plan and direct policies, procedures, or systems to prevent the loss of assets. Determine risk exposure or potential liability, and develop risk control measures.
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
Medium44.74%
Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs.
Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium39.85%
Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and clinical units to nursing students. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Correctional Officers and Jailers
Medium40.28%
Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers
Medium49.25%
Supervise and coordinate activities of personal service workers.
Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers
Low31.34%
Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners.
Childcare Workers
Low24.64%
Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and childcare institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play.
Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
Low11.24%
Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients.