Salary Range
Low (10th %)$38,340
Median$53,300
High (90th %)$87,250
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Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
The occupation of "Correctional Officers and Jailers" has an automation risk of 40.3%, which is very close to the base risk of 40.7%. This moderate risk score reflects the fact that while many aspects of the job can be automated, a significant portion still requires a human touch. Technologies such as surveillance cameras, biometric systems, and automated head-counting could take over many routine monitoring and security tasks in correctional facilities. Yet, the nature of work in prisons—often involving unpredictable human behavior, crisis management, and moral judgment—acts as a limiting factor to full automation. Among the duties most susceptible to automation are conducting head counts to ensure each prisoner is present, inspecting the conditions of locks and security features, and monitoring the conduct of prisoners to enforce rules and prevent escapes or violence. These tasks are repetitive and rule-based, making them ideal for automated systems or artificial intelligence, particularly as sensors and smart surveillance technologies advance. Implementing automation in these areas could also increase operational efficiency and decrease human error, but it does not fully eliminate the need for on-site human oversight due to the complexity of inmate interactions. On the other hand, some responsibilities remain challenging to automate and thus are more resistant to technological takeover. For example, sponsoring inmate recreational activities, investigating crimes within the institution, and taking fingerprints require a blend of social skills, critical thinking, and adaptability. The bottleneck skill for automation is originality (2.3%), which highlights the importance of creativity and problem-solving—the ability to handle novel, sensitive, or unexpected situations. Because such tasks involve a level of human judgment, empathy, and discretion that machines and algorithms cannot easily replicate, they continue to necessitate human involvement and diminish the overall automation risk in this field.
Filter by Automatable Status
Conduct head counts to ensure that each prisoner is present.
Automatable
Inspect conditions of locks, window bars, grills, doors, and gates at correctional facilities to ensure security and help prevent escapes.
Partially Automatable
Search prisoners and vehicles and conduct shakedowns of cells for valuables and contraband, such as weapons or drugs.
Non-Automatable
Guard facility entrances to screen visitors.
Partially Automatable
Record information, such as prisoner identification, charges, and incidents of inmate disturbance, keeping daily logs of prisoner activities.
Automatable
Inspect mail for the presence of contraband.
Partially Automatable
Maintain records of prisoners' identification and charges.
Automatable
Use weapons, handcuffs, and physical force to maintain discipline and order among prisoners.
Non-Automatable
Use nondisciplinary tools and equipment, such as a computer.
Partially Automatable
Conduct fire, safety, and sanitation inspections.
Partially Automatable
Take prisoners into custody and escort to locations within and outside of facility, such as visiting room, courtroom, or airport.
Non-Automatable
Participate in required job training.
Non-Automatable
Serve meals, distribute commissary items, and dispense prescribed medication to prisoners.
Partially Automatable
Settle disputes between inmates.
Non-Automatable
Drive passenger vehicles and trucks used to transport inmates to other institutions, courtrooms, hospitals, and work sites.
Partially Automatable
Counsel inmates and respond to legitimate questions, concerns, and requests.
Non-Automatable
Assign duties to inmates, providing instructions as needed.
Partially Automatable
Issue clothing, tools, and other authorized items to inmates.
Partially Automatable
Arrange daily schedules for prisoners, including library visits, work assignments, family visits, and counseling appointments.
Partially Automatable
Search for and recapture escapees.
Partially Automatable
Process or book convicted individuals into prison.
Partially Automatable
Supervise and coordinate work of other correctional service officers.
Non-Automatable
Take fingerprints of arrestees, prisoners, or the general public.
Non-Automatable
Investigate crimes that have occurred within an institution, or assist police in their investigations of crimes and inmates.
Partially Automatable
Sponsor inmate recreational activities, such as newspapers and self-help groups.
Partially Automatable
Monitor conduct of prisoners in housing unit, or during work or recreational activities, according to established policies, regulations, and procedures, to prevent escape or violence.
Partially Automatable
Provide to supervisors oral and written reports of the quality and quantity of work performed by inmates, inmate disturbances and rule violations, and unusual occurrences.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningLearning StrategiesMonitoringComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringEquipment MaintenanceSystems AnalysisManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingQuality Control AnalysisJudgment and Decision MakingSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingLaw and Government
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsProcessing InformationGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentAnalyzing Data or InformationCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
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Medical and Health Services Managers
Medium49.14%
Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.
Social and Community Service Managers
Medium36.80%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers.
Coroners
Low30.77%
Direct activities such as autopsies, pathological and toxicological analyses, and inquests relating to the investigation of deaths occurring within a legal jurisdiction to determine cause of death or to fix responsibility for accidental, violent, or unexplained deaths.
Rehabilitation Counselors
Medium39.06%
Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, aging, or the stress of daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and treatment facilities. Assess client needs and design and implement rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational counseling, training, and job placement.
Child, Family, and School Social Workers
Low32.79%
Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers.
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
Medium37.54%
Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations.
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium41.76%
Teach courses in criminal justice, corrections, and law enforcement administration. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Psychiatric Aides
Low20.31%
Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.
First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
Low32.16%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers.
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
Medium36.93%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.
First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers
Medium40.17%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in firefighting and fire prevention and control.
First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers
Medium55.95%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards.
Bailiffs
Low23.14%
Maintain order in courts of law.
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Low32.81%
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers
Low27.10%
Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions.
Transit and Railroad Police
Low32.83%
Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Medium45.72%
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.
Security Guards
Medium47.69%
Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment.
Residential Advisors
Medium41.88%
Coordinate activities in resident facilities in secondary school and college dormitories, group homes, or similar establishments. Order supplies and determine need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings. May maintain household records and assign rooms. May assist residents with problem solving or refer them to counseling resources.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Medium65.96%
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Customs and Border Protection Officers
Medium35.91%
Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the United States or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations.