Lawyers
Medium41.23%
Found in Industries:
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$69,760
Median$145,760
High (90th %)$--
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Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.
The occupation "Lawyers" has an automation risk of 41.2%, only slightly below its base risk of 42.0%. This moderate risk level stems from the fact that while many routine, repetitive, or information-intensive legal tasks can be automated, the profession also requires a significant degree of critical thinking, interpretation, and interpersonal skills that current technologies struggle to replicate fully. The automation risk reflects a mixed landscape: lawyers carry out both highly structured and highly complex, nuanced tasks. Automation tools, such as AI-driven document review and legal research platforms, are proving effective at handling structured aspects of legal work, thereby increasing the risk for some segments of the profession. The most automatable tasks for lawyers include "Interpret laws, rulings and regulations for individuals and businesses," "Analyze the probable outcomes of cases, using knowledge of legal precedents," and "Gather evidence to formulate defense or to initiate legal actions by such means as interviewing clients and witnesses to ascertain the facts of a case." These tasks are data-driven and often rely on established procedures, making them suitable for rule-based AI or machine learning systems. Technological advancements in legal research, predictive analytics, and e-discovery tools can quickly parse vast amounts of case law and data, offering speedy interpretations or outcome analyses that formerly demanded significant manual labor. Consequently, these tasks have become increasingly susceptible to automation. Conversely, tasks most resistant to automation—such as "Help develop federal and state programs, draft and interpret laws and legislation, and establish enforcement procedures," "Act as agent, trustee, guardian, or executor for businesses or individuals," and "Prepare legal briefs and opinions, and file appeals in state and federal courts of appeal"—rely on nuanced judgment, negotiation, and creativity. Bottleneck skills such as Originality, rated at 3.8% and 4.0% in importance for the profession, are difficult to replicate with current technologies. These skills are critical when crafting novel legal arguments, interpreting ambiguous statutes, or adapting legal strategies to the unique aspects of each case. Thus, the multifaceted nature of legal work keeps substantial portions of lawyering resistant to full automation, resulting in the moderate automation risk observed for this profession.
Filter by Automatable Status
Interpret laws, rulings and regulations for individuals and businesses.
Partially Automatable
Analyze the probable outcomes of cases, using knowledge of legal precedents.
Partially Automatable
Represent clients in court or before government agencies.
Non-Automatable
Evaluate findings and develop strategies and arguments in preparation for presentation of cases.
Partially Automatable
Advise clients concerning business transactions, claim liability, advisability of prosecuting or defending lawsuits, or legal rights and obligations.
Partially Automatable
Examine legal data to determine advisability of defending or prosecuting lawsuit.
Partially Automatable
Prepare, draft, and review legal documents, such as wills, deeds, patent applications, mortgages, leases, and contracts.
Partially Automatable
Study Constitution, statutes, decisions, regulations, and ordinances of quasi-judicial bodies to determine ramifications for cases.
Partially Automatable
Negotiate settlements of civil disputes.
Partially Automatable
Supervise legal assistants.
Non-Automatable
Negotiate contractual agreements.
Partially Automatable
Search for and examine public and other legal records to write opinions or establish ownership.
Partially Automatable
Perform administrative and management functions related to the practice of law.
Partially Automatable
Present and summarize cases to judges and juries.
Partially Automatable
Select jurors, argue motions, meet with judges, and question witnesses during the course of a trial.
Partially Automatable
Present evidence to defend clients or prosecute defendants in criminal or civil litigation.
Partially Automatable
Probate wills and represent and advise executors and administrators of estates.
Partially Automatable
Prepare legal briefs and opinions, and file appeals in state and federal courts of appeal.
Partially Automatable
Help develop federal and state programs, draft and interpret laws and legislation, and establish enforcement procedures.
Partially Automatable
Gather evidence to formulate defense or to initiate legal actions by such means as interviewing clients and witnesses to ascertain the facts of a case.
Partially Automatable
Confer with colleagues with specialties in appropriate areas of legal issue to establish and verify bases for legal proceedings.
Partially Automatable
Act as agent, trustee, guardian, or executor for businesses or individuals.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningScienceCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringEquipment MaintenanceJudgment and Decision MakingManagement of Material ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingQuality Control AnalysisSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingPersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and CounselingCustomer and Personal Service
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDocumenting/Recording InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
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Chief Executives
Medium38.73%
Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
Medium51.05%
Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims.
Compliance Officers
Medium53.94%
Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere.
Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers
Medium42.37%
Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements give equal opportunity without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.
Labor Relations Specialists
Medium47.34%
Resolve disputes between workers and managers, negotiate collective bargaining agreements, or coordinate grievance procedures to handle employee complaints.
Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
Medium59.98%
Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business firms according to prescribed laws and regulations.
Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts
Medium44.97%
Obtain evidence, take statements, produce reports, and testify to findings regarding resolution of fraud allegations. May coordinate fraud detection and prevention activities.
Judicial Law Clerks
Medium49.30%
Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Medium47.51%
Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
Medium40.62%
Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved.
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Low21.10%
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Medium45.20%
Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.
Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
Medium60.33%
Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.
Law Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium41.66%
Teach courses in law. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
High79.75%
Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Low32.81%
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Medium45.72%
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Medium65.96%
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
High66.78%
Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing.
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High68.79%
Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
Legislators
Medium39.17%
Develop, introduce, or enact laws and statutes at the local, tribal, state, or federal level. Includes only workers in elected positions.
Coroners
Low30.77%
Direct activities such as autopsies, pathological and toxicological analyses, and inquests relating to the investigation of deaths occurring within a legal jurisdiction to determine cause of death or to fix responsibility for accidental, violent, or unexplained deaths.
Political Scientists
Medium45.66%
Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. May study topics, such as public opinion, political decisionmaking, and ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents.
Bailiffs
Low23.14%
Maintain order in courts of law.