Coroners
Low30.77%
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$43,790
Median$75,670
High (90th %)$123,710
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Direct activities such as autopsies, pathological and toxicological analyses, and inquests relating to the investigation of deaths occurring within a legal jurisdiction to determine cause of death or to fix responsibility for accidental, violent, or unexplained deaths.
The occupation of Coroners carries an automation risk of 30.8%, closely aligned with the base risk of 31.3%. This moderate risk percentage reflects the profession's blend of routine documentation and highly nuanced, judgment-based activities. Many aspects of the coroner's responsibilities, especially those involving repetitive or standardized procedures, are susceptible to automation. For example, tasks such as completing death certificates, assigning causes and manners of death, fall within the capabilities of emerging AI and software systems that can analyze medical data and generate accurate reports. Technology is also advancing in performing systematic medicolegal examinations and autopsies, where digital imaging and AI can assist or even automate identification of trauma, determination of victims, and estimation of time of death. Even the process of interviewing people at death scenes could be partially automated; digital assistants could prompt for and record key information. Despite these advances, the role of Coroners also incorporates several strongly human-centered and resistant tasks that contribute to a lower overall risk of automation. Recording the disposition of minor children and the details of their subsequent care requires empathy, emotional intelligence, and ethical consideration, areas where automation is limited. Collecting sensitive documentation such as wills and burial instructions also demands discretion and nuanced understanding, in addition to meticulous recordkeeping—skills not easily replicated by machines. Furthermore, coroners must confer and collaborate with personnel from public health and law enforcement, coordinating complex interdepartmental activities that rely on human relationships, negotiation, and trust. These tasks reflect the intrinsic need for communication, judgment, and ethical reasoning, making them significantly difficult to automate. Bottleneck skills for coroners, such as originality (with importance levels of 3.1% and 3.0%), further indicate a reliance on creativity and adaptive thinking in their work. Such skills manifest in situations requiring novel solutions when faced with ambiguous evidence or unprecedented scenarios. The need for original thought when interpreting the context of deaths, making sense of contradictory data, or dealing with emotionally charged family situations is crucial for the quality and integrity of the role. While technology may support coroners in factual data processing and procedural consistency, the profession's continued need for human ingenuity and interpersonal sensitivity serves as a bulwark against full automation. This balance of automatable technical tasks and resistant, high-level decision-making explains the moderate automation risk assigned to the occupation.
Filter by Automatable Status
Complete death certificates, including the assignment of cause and manner of death.
Partially Automatable
Interview persons present at death scenes to obtain information useful in determining the manner of death.
Non-Automatable
Observe and record the positions and conditions of bodies and related evidence.
Partially Automatable
Provide information concerning the circumstances of death to relatives of the deceased.
Non-Automatable
Inquire into the cause, manner, and circumstances of human deaths and establish the identities of deceased persons.
Non-Automatable
Complete reports and forms required to finalize cases.
Partially Automatable
Arrange for the next of kin to be notified of deaths.
Partially Automatable
Locate and document information regarding the next of kin, including their relationship to the deceased and the status of notification attempts.
Partially Automatable
Collect and document any pertinent medical history information.
Partially Automatable
Inventory personal effects recovered from bodies, such as jewelry or wallets.
Partially Automatable
Direct activities of workers conducting autopsies, performing pathological and toxicological analyses, and preparing documents for permanent records.
Non-Automatable
Coordinate the release of personal effects to authorized persons and facilitate the disposition of unclaimed corpses and personal effects.
Partially Automatable
Witness and certify deaths that are the result of a judicial order.
Non-Automatable
Testify at inquests, hearings, and court trials.
Non-Automatable
Collect wills, burial instructions, and other documentation needed for investigations and for handling of the remains.
Partially Automatable
Record the disposition of minor children, as well as details of arrangements made for their care.
Automatable
Remove or supervise removal of bodies from death scenes, using the proper equipment and supplies, and arrange for transportation to morgues.
Non-Automatable
Observe, record, and preserve any objects or personal property related to deaths, including objects such as medication containers and suicide notes.
Partially Automatable
Perform medicolegal examinations and autopsies, conducting preliminary examinations of the body to identify victims, locate signs of trauma, and identify factors that would indicate time of death.
Non-Automatable
Confer with officials of public health and law enforcement agencies to coordinate interdepartmental activities.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningService OrientationComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringEquipment MaintenanceJudgment and Decision MakingManagement of Material ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingQuality Control AnalysisSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServiceBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyPersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignMathematicsPhysicsChemistryForeign LanguageGeographyMedicine and DentistryHistory and ArcheologyFine ArtsPhilosophy and TheologyLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationEnglish LanguageEducation and TrainingTherapy and CounselingPublic Safety and Security
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or Information
Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareStructured query language SQLCustomer relationship management CRM softwareZoomGraphics softwareLinuxUNIXSpreadsheet softwareGitMicrosoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS3D graphics softwareAlcestisAutopsy information databasesDouglas Associates Forensic FilerEMC DocumentumFingerprint databasesGoogle AndroidIngenuware CoronerBaseRapid Medical Examiners SystemToxicology databasesTransact-SQLMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareStructured query language SQLCorel WordPerfect Office SuiteZoomGraphics softwareLinuxUNIXSpreadsheet softwareGit3D graphics softwareAlcestisAutopsy information databasesDouglas Associates Forensic FilerEMC DocumentumGoogle AndroidIngenuware CoronerBaseRapid Medical Examiners SystemToxicology databasesTransact-SQLGenetic database softwareCustomer relationship management CRM softwareEmail softwareWord processing softwareMicrosoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRSCorel WordPerfect Office SuiteWord processing softwareFingerprint databasesGenetic database softwareBite analysis softwareBite analysis softwareMideo Systems EZDoc PlusMideo Systems EZDoc PlusMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareEmail softwareMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office software
Clinical Research Coordinators
Medium49.27%
Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects. Direct the activities of workers engaged in clinical research projects to ensure compliance with protocols and overall clinical objectives. May evaluate and analyze clinical data.
Compliance Officers
Medium53.94%
Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere.
Environmental Compliance Inspectors
Medium52.09%
Inspect and investigate sources of pollution to protect the public and environment and ensure conformance with Federal, State, and local regulations and ordinances.
Government Property Inspectors and Investigators
Medium45.48%
Investigate or inspect government property to ensure compliance with contract agreements and government regulations.
Regulatory Affairs Specialists
Medium50.05%
Coordinate and document internal regulatory processes, such as internal audits, inspections, license renewals, or registrations. May compile and prepare materials for submission to regulatory agencies.
Forensic Science Technicians
Medium37.96%
Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry.
Lawyers
Medium41.23%
Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Medium47.51%
Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.
Physician Assistants
Medium41.05%
Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Medium39.71%
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.
Physicians, Pathologists
Medium41.42%
Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners.
Preventive Medicine Physicians
Medium44.14%
Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention.
Medical Records Specialists
High73.53%
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
Patient Representatives
Medium47.37%
Assist patients in obtaining services, understanding policies and making health care decisions.
Medical Assistants
Medium39.45%
Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Low32.81%
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.
Police Identification and Records Officers
Low31.22%
Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases.
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers
Low27.10%
Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Medium45.72%
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
High79.20%
Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
Funeral Home Managers
Medium40.71%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the services or resources of funeral homes. Includes activities such as determining prices for services or merchandise and managing the facilities of funeral homes.
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Low21.10%
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
Medium36.93%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.
Bailiffs
Low23.14%
Maintain order in courts of law.
Correctional Officers and Jailers
Medium40.28%
Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
Crematory Operators
Low18.75%
Operate crematory equipment to reduce human or animal remains to bone fragments in accordance with state and local regulations. Duties may include preparing the body for cremation and performing general maintenance on crematory equipment. May use traditional flame-based cremation, calcination, or alkaline hydrolysis.
Funeral Attendants
Low16.52%
Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket, and issuing and storing funeral equipment.
Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers
Low31.34%
Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners.