Writers and Authors
Medium55.16%
Found in Industries:
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$40,900
Median$73,690
High (90th %)$148,240
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Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.
The occupation "Writers and Authors" has an automation risk of 55.2%, which is close to the calculated base risk of 56.3%. This moderate level of risk suggests that while a substantial portion of the work could potentially be automated, significant barriers remain due to the creative and adaptive nature of writing. Writers and authors often engage in tasks that involve crafting unique content, interpreting nuanced ideas, and connecting emotionally with a diverse audience. The risk percentage reflects recent advances in AI-driven natural language generation tools, which are capable of producing text for a range of purposes, particularly for more formulaic or template-based content. The most automatable tasks in this field tend to be those with more predictable structure and output, such as developing advertising campaigns in collaboration with creative and art directors, varying language and tone for specific products and media, and presenting drafts and ideas to clients. These responsibilities can be partially delegated to AI systems that generate or adapt content quickly, leveraging patterns learned from vast datasets. Automation in these areas could streamline the creative process, assisting agencies and individual writers by suggesting or refining content and reducing manual effort in adapting messages for different platforms. Conversely, the tasks most resistant to automation emphasize a high degree of originality, creativity, and human understanding. Writing to customers in their own terms and on their comprehension level, as well as composing original fiction or nonfiction prose—such as novels, biographies, and essays—demand complex judgment, deep cultural awareness, and emotional intelligence. Similarly, creating compelling advertising material for broadcast or publication requires more than linguistic proficiency; it calls for an understanding of nuance, context, and persuasion. The most significant bottleneck skill is originality (weighing in at 3.9%), which underscores the inherent challenge AI faces in generating truly novel and engaging ideas, limiting full automation in the profession for the foreseeable future.
Filter by Automatable Status
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.
Partially Automatable
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.
Automatable
Present drafts and ideas to clients.
Partially Automatable
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.
Partially Automatable
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.
Partially Automatable
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.
Partially Automatable
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.
Partially Automatable
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.
Partially Automatable
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.
Partially Automatable
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.
Partially Automatable
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.
Partially Automatable
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.
Partially Automatable
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.
Partially Automatable
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.
Automatable
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.
Partially Automatable
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.
Partially Automatable
Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the script, story, or advertisement message is more readily received.
Partially Automatable
Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material.
Partially Automatable
Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts.
Partially Automatable
Write advertising material for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningLearning StrategiesComplex Problem SolvingQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperations Monitoring
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyFine ArtsDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageEducation and TrainingPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingHistory and Archeology
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
Adobe After EffectsLinkedInCampaign MonitorSendGridYouTubeHubSpot softwareAdobe DreamweaverAdobe IllustratorAdobe InDesignAdobe Premiere ProDrupalTwitterWordPressMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordPHPAdobe PhotoshopFacebookAdobe Creative Cloud softwareApple Final Cut ProEkoFlipgridGoogle AdsGoogle AnalyticsGoogle DocsGoogle DriveGoogle SlidesMySQLMicrosoft AccessAsanaFigmaFileMaker ProKapwingTikTokProject management softwareQuarkXPressLoomParentSquareChatbot softwareWeb content management system CMS softwareCorel PresentationAvid Technology Media ComposerMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareSlackBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeAdobe IllustratorCorel PresentationLinkedInCampaign MonitorSendGridSlackSocial media sitesYouTubeBlackbaud The Raiser's EdgeHubSpot softwareAdobe After EffectsAdobe DreamweaverAdobe InDesignMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft ProjectMicrosoft SharePointMicrosoft WordPHPAdobe PhotoshopFacebookAdobe Creative Cloud softwareAdobe Premiere ProApple Final Cut ProEkoFlipgridGoogle AdsGoogle AnalyticsGoogle DocsGoogle SlidesMySQLMicrosoft AccessDrupalTwitterWordPressAsanaFigmaFileMaker ProKapwingTikTokGoogle Workspace softwareHypertext markup language HTMLProject management softwareQuarkXPressLoomAvid Technology Media ComposerChatbot softwareMicrosoft ExcelWeb content management system CMS softwareAdobe AcrobatAdobe AcrobatSocial media sitesHypertext markup language HTMLParentSquareAdobe PersuasionAdobe PersuasionGoogle Workspace softwareGoogle Drive
Advertising and Promotions Managers
Medium42.51%
Plan, direct, or coordinate advertising policies and programs or produce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, coupons, or giveaways, to create extra interest in the purchase of a product or service for a department, an entire organization, or on an account basis.
Marketing Managers
Medium51.50%
Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services.
Public Relations Managers
Medium48.75%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities designed to create or maintain a favorable public image or raise issue awareness for their organization or client.
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes
Medium54.46%
Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes in dealings with current or prospective employers. May handle contract negotiation and other business matters for clients.
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
Medium47.26%
Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets.
Search Marketing Strategists
Medium53.88%
Employ search marketing tactics to increase visibility and engagement with content, products, or services in Internet-enabled devices or interfaces. Examine search query behaviors on general or specialty search engines or other Internet-based content. Analyze research, data, or technology to understand user intent and measure outcomes for ongoing optimization.
Web and Digital Interface Designers
Medium60.00%
Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts, interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. May use web framework applications as well as client-side code and processes. May evaluate web design following web and accessibility standards, and may analyze web use metrics and optimize websites for marketability and search engine ranking. May design and test interfaces that facilitate the human-computer interaction and maximize the usability of digital devices, websites, and software with a focus on aesthetics and design. May create graphics used in websites and manage website content and links.
Art Directors
Medium42.81%
Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches for visual productions and media, such as print, broadcasting, video, and film. Direct workers engaged in artwork or layout design.
Special Effects Artists and Animators
Medium45.29%
Create special effects or animations using film, video, computers, or other electronic tools and media for use in products, such as computer games, movies, music videos, and commercials.
Graphic Designers
Medium56.74%
Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.
Producers and Directors
Medium44.92%
Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography.
Media Programming Directors
Medium49.05%
Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in preparation of radio or television station program schedules and programs, such as sports or news.
Talent Directors
Medium50.78%
Audition and interview performers to select most appropriate talent for parts in stage, television, radio, or motion picture productions.
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
Medium52.48%
Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation.
Public Relations Specialists
Medium47.68%
Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media.
Editors
Medium53.75%
Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review proposals and drafts for possible publication.
Technical Writers
Medium54.19%
Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work.
Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers
Medium47.39%
Create original written works, such as scripts, essays, prose, poetry or song lyrics, for publication or performance.
Advertising Sales Agents
Medium59.01%
Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces.
Proofreaders and Copy Markers
High74.34%
Read transcript or proof type setup to detect and mark for correction any grammatical, typographical, or compositional errors. Excludes workers whose primary duty is editing copy. Includes proofreaders of braille.
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
Medium39.27%
Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.
Actors
Low19.10%
Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing.
Music Directors and Composers
Medium45.75%
Conduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocal performances by musical artists or groups, such as orchestras, bands, choirs, and glee clubs; or create original works of music.
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys
Medium54.21%
Speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or commercial messages, on radio, television, or other communications media. May play and queue music, announce artist or title of performance, identify station, or interview guests.
Photographers
Medium49.91%
Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.
Film and Video Editors
Medium52.46%
Edit moving images on film, video, or other media. May work with a producer or director to organize images for final production. May edit or synchronize soundtracks with images.