Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers
Low27.10%
Found in Industries:
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$45,200
Median$72,280
High (90th %)$111,700
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Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions.
The occupation "Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers" has an automation risk of 27.1%, which is relatively moderate given current technological capabilities. The base risk for this career is calculated at 27.5%, reflecting the partial automability of key tasks in the role. The lower risk compared to some other professions is due to the complexity and unpredictability of many police duties, alongside the significant human element required in most law enforcement scenarios. Technologies such as automated reporting tools and surveillance systems have the potential to handle some routine aspects, but holistic, autonomous policing remains out of reach. The nuanced interactions with citizens, the need for discretionary decision-making, and the broad range of situations encountered prevent a higher automation risk in the near term. Among the primary responsibilities, the most automatable tasks include "Identifying, pursuing, and arresting suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts," "Providing for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations," and "Recording facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities." These tasks involve elements of repetition, data collection, or situations where advanced robotics, AI-assisted monitoring, or record-keeping systems can play a significant role. For example, advancements in surveillance technologies and automated report generation tools can reduce the manual burden on officers for certain routine documentation and evidence gathering activities. Conversely, the role is highly resistant to automation in tasks such as "Supervising law enforcement staff, such as jail staff, officers, and deputy sheriffs," "Processing prisoners and maintaining records of prisoner bookings and prisoner status during booking and pre-trial process," and "Conducting community programs for all ages concerning topics such as drugs and violence." These activities rely heavily on communication, empathy, discretion, and the ability to react dynamically to evolving events, which current AI and automated systems cannot adequately replicate. The main technological bottlenecks for automating this occupation are in the domain of originality, which accounts for 3.0% and 2.8% of the skills assessed for automation resistance. Originality is essential for complex decision-making, community engagement, and adaptive problem-solving, further limiting the scope of automation for police and sheriff's patrol officers.
Filter by Automatable Status
Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts.
Non-Automatable
Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities.
Partially Automatable
Render aid to accident survivors and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries.
Non-Automatable
Review facts of incidents to determine if criminal act or statute violations were involved.
Partially Automatable
Investigate illegal or suspicious activities.
Partially Automatable
Testify in court to present evidence or act as witness in traffic and criminal cases.
Non-Automatable
Relay complaint and emergency-request information to appropriate agency dispatchers.
Partially Automatable
Monitor traffic to ensure motorists observe traffic regulations and exhibit safe driving procedures.
Partially Automatable
Drive vehicles or patrol specific areas to detect law violators, issue citations, and make arrests.
Non-Automatable
Execute arrest warrants, locating and taking persons into custody.
Non-Automatable
Patrol and guard courthouses, grand jury rooms, or assigned areas to provide security, enforce laws, maintain order, and arrest violators.
Non-Automatable
Photograph or draw diagrams of crime or accident scenes and interview principals and eyewitnesses.
Non-Automatable
Evaluate complaint and emergency-request information to determine response requirements.
Partially Automatable
Patrol specific area on foot, horseback, or motorized conveyance, responding promptly to calls for assistance.
Non-Automatable
Verify that the proper legal charges have been made against law offenders.
Partially Automatable
Transport or escort prisoners and defendants en route to courtrooms, prisons or jails, attorneys' offices, or medical facilities.
Non-Automatable
Direct traffic flow and reroute traffic in case of emergencies.
Partially Automatable
Question individuals entering secured areas to determine their business, directing and rerouting individuals as necessary.
Partially Automatable
Notify patrol units to take violators into custody or to provide needed assistance or medical aid.
Partially Automatable
Place people in protective custody.
Non-Automatable
Serve statements of claims, subpoenas, summonses, jury summonses, orders to pay alimony, and other court orders.
Non-Automatable
Inform citizens of community services and recommend options to facilitate longer-term problem resolution.
Partially Automatable
Locate and confiscate real or personal property, as directed by court order.
Non-Automatable
Provide road information to assist motorists.
Automatable
Process prisoners, and prepare and maintain records of prisoner bookings and prisoner status during booking and pre-trial process.
Partially Automatable
Supervise law enforcement staff, such as jail staff, officers, and deputy sheriffs.
Non-Automatable
Investigate traffic accidents and other accidents to determine causes and to determine if a crime has been committed.
Partially Automatable
Conduct community programs for all ages concerning topics such as drugs and violence.
Non-Automatable
Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations.
Non-Automatable
Monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious persons and situations, safety hazards, and unusual or illegal activity in patrol area.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningLearning StrategiesComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and Counseling
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking Creatively
Microsoft WindowsCrime mapping softwareComputer aided composite drawing softwareDatabase softwareNational Integrated Ballistics Information Network NIBINMicrosoft Internet ExplorerMicrosoft VisioMicrosoft WindowsLaw enforcement information databasesSmartDraw LegalThe CAD Zone The Crime ZoneNational Crime Information Center (NCIC) databaseSpillman Technologies Records ManagementMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareMicrosoft AccessWord processing softwareIBM Lotus 1-2-3ESRI ArcViewMicrosoft ExcelNational Integrated Ballistics Information Network NIBINComputer aided dispatch softwareMicrosoft Internet ExplorerMicrosoft VisioCrime mapping softwareSmartDraw LegalCorel WordPerfect Office SuiteThe CAD Zone The Crime ZoneNational Crime Information Center (NCIC) databaseLaw enforcement information databasesSpillman Technologies Records ManagementComputer aided composite drawing softwareMicrosoft Office softwareWord processing softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordSmugMug FlickrWeb browser softwareDatabase softwareMicrosoft AccessIBM Lotus 1-2-3ESRI ArcViewMicrosoft ExcelComputer aided dispatch softwareIntegrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System IAFISDesignWare 3D EyeWitnessDesignWare 3D EyeWitnessIntegrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System IAFISCorel WordPerfect Office SuiteEmail softwareEmail software
Compliance Officers
Medium53.94%
Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere.
Coroners
Low30.77%
Direct activities such as autopsies, pathological and toxicological analyses, and inquests relating to the investigation of deaths occurring within a legal jurisdiction to determine cause of death or to fix responsibility for accidental, violent, or unexplained deaths.
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
Medium37.54%
Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations.
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Medium47.51%
Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Low21.10%
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
Low32.16%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers.
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
Medium36.93%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.
First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers
Medium40.17%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in firefighting and fire prevention and control.
First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers
Medium55.95%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards.
Bailiffs
Low23.14%
Maintain order in courts of law.
Correctional Officers and Jailers
Medium40.28%
Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Low32.81%
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.
Police Identification and Records Officers
Low31.22%
Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases.
Intelligence Analysts
Medium48.00%
Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources, such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism.
Customs and Border Protection Officers
Medium35.91%
Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the United States or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations.
Transit and Railroad Police
Low32.83%
Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers.
Private Detectives and Investigators
Medium45.72%
Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.
Security Guards
Medium47.69%
Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment.
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Medium65.96%
Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.
Public Safety Telecommunicators
High71.21%
Operate telephone, radio, or other communication systems to receive and communicate requests for emergency assistance at 9-1-1 public safety answering points and emergency operations centers. Take information from the public and other sources regarding crimes, threats, disturbances, acts of terrorism, fires, medical emergencies, and other public safety matters. May coordinate and provide information to law enforcement and emergency response personnel. May access sensitive databases and other information sources as needed. May provide additional instructions to callers based on knowledge of and certification in law enforcement, fire, or emergency medical procedures.
Judicial Law Clerks
Medium49.30%
Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials
Medium60.38%
Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established regulations. Includes all sporting officials, referees, and competition judges.
Fish and Game Wardens
Medium34.90%
Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations. Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife. Compile biological data.
Parking Enforcement Workers
Medium47.22%
Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles.
Animal Control Workers
Medium37.83%
Handle animals for the purpose of investigations of mistreatment, or control of abandoned, dangerous, or unattended animals.
Crossing Guards and Flaggers
Medium47.59%
Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites.