Salary Range
Low (10th %)$37,440
Median$56,350
High (90th %)$94,580
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Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways.
The occupation of "Carpenters" has an automation risk of 17.8%, which is closely aligned with its base risk of 18.1%. This relatively moderate risk level reflects the combination of tasks that can be efficiently automated and those that require substantial human dexterity and decision-making. Carpenters engage in a wide variety of hands-on activities, and while some can be streamlined with technology, many still demand human expertise and adaptability. The automation potential is limited by the complex, unstructured environments in which carpenters often work, including unpredictable site conditions and bespoke project requirements. Among the most automatable tasks for carpenters are maintaining a safe and clean environment according to established rules, measuring and marking materials, and assembling or fastening components using standard hand tools. These activities are repetitive, follow clear procedural steps, and increasingly benefit from advancements in robotics and precision measurement tools. For example, automated marking systems, safety compliance sensors, and assembly robots can perform these activities with high accuracy and minimal fatigue, thereby reducing the need for extensive human intervention. As a result, these tasks contribute significantly to the overall automation risk for carpenters. Conversely, some aspects of carpentry remain highly resistant to automation due to their reliance on nuanced judgment and adaptability. Tasks such as building sleds from logs and timbers in forested settings, inspecting and replacing decayed structural components, and the application of specialized paneling require a combination of creativity, problem-solving, and physical dexterity that current technologies cannot easily replicate. Bottleneck skills like originality—scoring just 2.9% and 3.0% for automatable potential—underscore the value of human intuition and creative problem-solving in these situations. Ultimately, while automation can streamline many routine carpentry tasks, the scope of human-centered skills needed keeps the overall risk far lower than in occupations governed solely by routine procedures.
Filter by Automatable Status
Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment.
Partially Automatable
Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue.
Non-Automatable
Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.
Non-Automatable
Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level.
Non-Automatable
Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.
Partially Automatable
Erect scaffolding or ladders for assembling structures above ground level.
Non-Automatable
Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools.
Non-Automatable
Maintain records, document actions, and present written progress reports.
Partially Automatable
Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools.
Non-Automatable
Maintain job records and schedule work crew.
Partially Automatable
Anchor and brace forms and other structures in place, using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, and timbers.
Non-Automatable
Bore boltholes in timber, masonry or concrete walls, using power drill.
Non-Automatable
Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures.
Non-Automatable
Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base.
Non-Automatable
Construct forms or chutes for pouring concrete.
Non-Automatable
Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas, such as heating or electrical wiring work.
Partially Automatable
Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, or other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools.
Non-Automatable
Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses or buildings, using paint, hand tools, or paneling.
Non-Automatable
Select and order lumber or other required materials.
Partially Automatable
Work with or remove hazardous material.
Partially Automatable
Fill cracks or other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool.
Non-Automatable
Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.
Partially Automatable
Perform minor plumbing, welding, or concrete mixing work.
Non-Automatable
Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts.
Partially Automatable
Build sleds from logs and timbers for use in hauling camp buildings and machinery through wooded areas.
Non-Automatable
Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative paneling to ceilings or walls.
Non-Automatable
Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.
Non-Automatable
Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.
Partially Automatable
Install rough door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or temporary supports in structures undergoing construction or repair.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningScienceCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringEquipment MaintenanceJudgment and Decision MakingManagement of Material ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingQuality Control AnalysisSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryEducation and TrainingPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsTherapy and CounselingHistory and Archeology
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesPerforming General Physical Activities
Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft WindowsBosch Punch ListRenaissance MasterCarpenterWilhelm Publishing ThresholdWeb browser softwareJob costing softwareVirtualBossQuickenTurtle Creek Software GoldensealMicrosoft WordCraftsman CD EstimatorBosch Punch ListRenaissance MasterCarpenterWilhelm Publishing ThresholdWeb browser softwareJob costing softwareVirtualBossQuickenDrawing and drafting softwareCraftsman CD EstimatorTurtle Creek Software GoldensealDrawing and drafting softwareWeb page creation and editing softwareWeb page creation and editing softwareEstimating softwareEstimating softwareMicrosoft WordIntuit QuickBooksIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office software
Brickmasons and Blockmasons
Low19.41%
Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances, to construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and other structures.
Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
Low14.12%
Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors.
Tile and Stone Setters
Low13.80%
Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks.
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Low15.23%
Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints.
Construction Laborers
Low21.08%
Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
Low6.66%
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior walls of buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect sound. Materials may be of decorative quality. Includes lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings to provide support base for plaster, fireproofing, or acoustical material.
Glaziers
Low18.32%
Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
Low7.42%
Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May work with batt, roll, or blown insulation materials.
Plasterers and Stucco Masons
Low8.23%
Apply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, or similar materials. May also set ornamental plaster.
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
Low10.60%
Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. Includes rod busters.
Roofers
Low3.66%
Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures.
Sheet Metal Workers
Low29.90%
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes.
Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Low11.69%
Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.
Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Low23.11%
Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Carpenters
Low16.46%
Help carpenters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Low13.20%
Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
Low28.35%
Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and ventilating systems.
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
Low25.88%
Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products.
Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
Medium33.53%
Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters.
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
Low29.58%
Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for wood products.
Interior Designers
Medium48.98%
Plan, design, and furnish the internal space of rooms or buildings. Design interior environments or create physical layouts that are practical, aesthetic, and conducive to the intended purposes. May specialize in a particular field, style, or phase of interior design.
Fallers
Low19.26%
Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees using knowledge of tree characteristics and cutting techniques to control direction of fall and minimize tree damage.
Stonemasons
Low4.35%
Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.
Carpet Installers
Low17.00%
Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials.
Floor Sanders and Finishers
Low14.14%
Scrape and sand wooden floors to smooth surfaces using floor scraper and floor sanding machine, and apply coats of finish.
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
Low9.52%
Apply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment, or marble chips to floors, stairways, and cabinet fixtures to fashion durable and decorative surfaces.
Tapers
Low12.39%
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.
Electricians
Low24.63%
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems.
Insulation Workers, Mechanical
Low21.99%
Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature.
Painters, Construction and Maintenance
Low20.83%
Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. May remove old paint to prepare surface prior to painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or consistency.
Paperhangers
Low7.43%
Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered.
Pipelayers
Low22.97%
Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, or seal joints.
Helpers--Electricians
Low13.85%
Help electricians by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons
Low15.75%
Help painters, paperhangers, plasterers, or stucco masons by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Roofers
Low12.38%
Help roofers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Fence Erectors
Low12.39%
Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools.
Segmental Pavers
Low12.33%
Lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units. Includes installers of bedding and restraining materials for the paving units.
Roof Bolters, Mining
Low17.67%
Operate machinery to install roof support bolts in underground mine.
Mechanical Door Repairers
Low21.74%
Install, service, or repair automatic door mechanisms and hydraulic doors. Includes garage door mechanics.
Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers
Low10.55%
Move or install mobile homes or prefabricated buildings.
Upholsterers
Low20.15%
Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles.
Model Makers, Wood
Medium42.20%
Construct full-size and scale wooden precision models of products. Includes wood jig builders and loft workers.
Patternmakers, Wood
Medium48.09%
Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings.