Salary Range
Low (10th %)$36,240
Median$50,030
High (90th %)$79,850
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Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures.
The occupation "Roofers" has a relatively low automation risk, assessed at just 3.7%. This modest risk percentage reflects the physically intensive and highly variable nature of roofing work, which often requires human adaptability and judgment. Tasks such as mopping or pouring hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases, inspecting problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures, and removing snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials are among the most automatable in the role. These tasks are often repetitive and process-driven, making them more amenable to technological solutions or machinery. Nonetheless, these duties still pose significant safety and handling challenges that limit current automation feasibility. The risks and variability associated with different roofing environments further reduce the practicability of automated systems for many core roofing functions. Despite some tasks being potentially automatable, the job includes many responsibilities that remain highly resistant to automation. For example, installing layers of vegetation-based green roofs—such as protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants—requires a complex blend of manual dexterity and horticultural knowledge. Similarly, applying modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs and punching holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles using punches and hammers demand adaptation to unique rooftop environments and material variation, alongside skilled hand-eye coordination. These non-standard tasks involve substantial problem-solving, customization, and attention to detail, all of which are challenging for robots and automated systems to replicate reliably. Consequently, human expertise remains indispensable in executing these critical and complex roofing activities. A significant factor contributing to the bottleneck in automating roofing work is the skill of "Originality," rated at 2.3%. This skill involves generating novel solutions for unique roof structures, material combinations, and site-specific challenges. Originality is crucial in addressing the unpredictable issues that arise on various roofing projects, such as customized installations or adapting techniques to unusual building geometries. Automation technology struggles to replicate these creative and adaptive human responses, especially in non-standard situations. Consequently, the dependence on originality and related hands-on expertise further insulates the occupation from widespread technological replacement. The low risk statistic reflects these persistent practical and creative bottlenecks, ensuring roofers remain essential for the foreseeable future.
Filter by Automatable Status
Mop or pour hot asphalt or tar onto roof bases.
Non-Automatable
Inspect problem roofs to determine the best repair procedures.
Partially Automatable
Remove snow, water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing materials.
Non-Automatable
Set up scaffolding to provide safe access to roofs.
Non-Automatable
Estimate materials and labor required to complete roofing jobs.
Partially Automatable
Cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over joints to make them watertight.
Non-Automatable
Cut felt, shingles, or strips of flashing to fit angles formed by walls, vents, or intersecting roof surfaces.
Non-Automatable
Apply plastic coatings, membranes, fiberglass, or felt over sloped roofs before applying shingles.
Non-Automatable
Install, repair, or replace single-ply roofing systems, using waterproof sheet materials such as modified plastics, elastomeric, or other asphaltic compositions.
Non-Automatable
Attach roofing paper to roofs in overlapping strips to form bases for other materials.
Non-Automatable
Cover roofs or exterior walls of structures with slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, gravel, gypsum, or related materials, using brushes, knives, punches, hammers, or other tools.
Non-Automatable
Waterproof or damp-proof walls, floors, roofs, foundations, or basements by painting or spraying surfaces with waterproof coatings or by attaching waterproofing membranes to surfaces.
Non-Automatable
Apply reflective roof coatings, such as special paints or single-ply roofing sheets, to existing roofs to reduce solar heat absorption.
Non-Automatable
Apply alternate layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper to roofs.
Non-Automatable
Install vapor barriers or layers of insulation on flat roofs.
Non-Automatable
Cover exposed nailheads with roofing cement or caulking to prevent water leakage or rust.
Non-Automatable
Glaze top layers to make a smooth finish or embed gravel in the bitumen for rough surfaces.
Non-Automatable
Install skylights on roofs to increase natural light inside structures or to reduce energy costs.
Non-Automatable
Apply gravel or pebbles over top layers of roofs, using rakes or stiff-bristled brooms.
Non-Automatable
Spray roofs, sidings, or walls to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures, using spray guns, air compressors, or heaters.
Non-Automatable
Punch holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using punches and hammers.
Non-Automatable
Apply modular soil- and plant-containing grids over existing roof membranes to create green roofs.
Non-Automatable
Install layers of vegetation-based green roofs, including protective membranes, drainage, aeration, water retention and filter layers, soil substrates, irrigation materials, and plants.
Non-Automatable
Smooth rough spots to prepare surfaces for waterproofing, using hammers, chisels, or rubbing bricks.
Non-Automatable
Install partially overlapping layers of material over roof insulation surfaces, using chalk lines, gauges on shingling hatchets, or lines on shingles.
Non-Automatable
Install attic ventilation systems, such as turbine vents, gable or ridge vents, or conventional or solar-powered exhaust fans.
Non-Automatable
Attach solar panels to existing roofs, according to specifications and without damaging roofing materials or the structural integrity of buildings.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningScienceCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingInstallationEquipment MaintenanceQuality Control AnalysisManagement of Financial ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionProgrammingOperations MonitoringOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and Counseling
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDocumenting/Recording InformationRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
Microsoft WindowsInsight Direct ServiceCEOWintac ProASR Software LWC-PlusASR Software Taper-PlusASR Software TopView MECADAFISDigiTools Roof CADExele TopViewHumidity and vapor drive calculation softwareRoofing CalculatorMicrosoft WordSpreadsheet softwareRoofLogicZiatek RoofDrawMicrosoft WindowsMaintenance record softwareInsight Direct ServiceCEOWintac ProAppliCad Roof WizardASR Software LWC-PlusASR Software Taper-PlusASR Software TopView MECADAFISDigiTools Roof CADExele TopViewHumidity and vapor drive calculation softwareMicrosoft WordSpreadsheet softwareRoofing CalculatorRoofLogicZiatek RoofDrawWord processing softwareWord processing softwareMaintenance record softwareAppliCad Roof WizardRoof Pro Estimate Software Roof ProRoof Pro Estimate Software Roof ProASR Software TopView LEASR Software TopView LEEnergy cost evaluation softwareEnergy cost evaluation softwareMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office software
Brickmasons and Blockmasons
Low19.41%
Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances, to construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and other structures.
Carpenters
Low17.84%
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways.
Carpet Installers
Low17.00%
Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials.
Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
Low14.12%
Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors.
Tile and Stone Setters
Low13.80%
Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks.
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Low15.23%
Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints.
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
Low9.52%
Apply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment, or marble chips to floors, stairways, and cabinet fixtures to fashion durable and decorative surfaces.
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
Low6.66%
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior walls of buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect sound. Materials may be of decorative quality. Includes lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings to provide support base for plaster, fireproofing, or acoustical material.
Tapers
Low12.39%
Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.
Glaziers
Low18.32%
Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
Low7.42%
Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May work with batt, roll, or blown insulation materials.
Insulation Workers, Mechanical
Low21.99%
Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature.
Painters, Construction and Maintenance
Low20.83%
Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. May remove old paint to prepare surface prior to painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or consistency.
Plasterers and Stucco Masons
Low8.23%
Apply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, or similar materials. May also set ornamental plaster.
Sheet Metal Workers
Low29.90%
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes.
Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Low11.69%
Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.
Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Low23.11%
Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons
Low15.75%
Help painters, paperhangers, plasterers, or stucco masons by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Low13.20%
Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Helpers--Roofers
Low12.38%
Help roofers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
Stonemasons
Low4.35%
Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.
Paperhangers
Low7.43%
Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered.
Fence Erectors
Low12.39%
Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools.
Segmental Pavers
Low12.33%
Lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units. Includes installers of bedding and restraining materials for the paving units.
Weatherization Installers and Technicians
Medium33.33%
Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures.