Salary Range
Low (10th %)$53,970
Median$66,660
High (90th %)$78,030
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Operate machinery to install roof support bolts in underground mine.
The occupation "Roof Bolters, Mining" has an automation risk of 17.7%, which is slightly lower than its base risk of 17.9%. This means that while some aspects of the job can be automated, a significant portion of the work still requires human involvement. The core tasks of roof bolters involve operating machinery in often unpredictable mining environments, where safety and situational awareness are paramount. The risk percentage reflects the balance between routine, mechanizable duties and those requiring human adaptability. The relatively low automation risk highlights the ongoing need for skilled workers to address the complexities and hazards unique to mining settings. Among the tasks performed by roof bolters, the most automatable include drilling bolt holes into roofs at prescribed intervals, pulling down loose rock that cannot be supported, and positioning bolting machines while inserting drill bits into chucks. These activities are largely repetitive and can be codified into specific routines suitable for machines or robotic systems. Technology such as automated drilling rigs and remote-controlled machinery is increasingly capable of handling these standardized processes efficiently. As these tasks rely on steady, repeatable actions, they are prime candidates for automation, thereby slightly lowering the overall risk faced by workers in this role. On the other hand, the most automation-resistant tasks are those that demand manual dexterity, problem-solving, and adaptability. This includes tightening truss bolts using turnbuckles, removing and inserting drill bits after drilling, and rotating chucks to open expansion heads against varying rock formations. These duties frequently require careful adjustment based on real-time feedback, subtle hand movements, and a high degree of situational awareness—skills that current automation struggles to replicate. Additionally, bottleneck skills like originality (measured at 2.1%) indicate that the job occasionally requires inventive thinking to navigate unforeseen challenges underground. These human-centric capabilities act as significant hurdles to full automation, explaining the persistently low risk score.
Filter by Automatable Status
Drill bolt holes into roofs at specified distances from ribs or adjacent bolts.
Partially Automatable
Pull down loose rock that cannot be supported.
Non-Automatable
Position bolting machines, and insert drill bits into chucks.
Automatable
Perform safety checks on equipment before operating.
Partially Automatable
Force bolts into holes, using hydraulic mechanisms of self-propelled bolting machines.
Partially Automatable
Perform ventilation tasks, such as hanging ventilation curtains and tubes.
Non-Automatable
Dust rocks after bolting.
Non-Automatable
Drill test holes and test bolts for specified tension, using torque wrenches.
Non-Automatable
Position safety jacks to support underground mine roofs until bolts can be installed.
Non-Automatable
Rotate chucks to turn bolts and open expansion heads against rock formations.
Non-Automatable
Remove drill bits from chucks after drilling holes, and insert bolts into chucks.
Non-Automatable
Tighten ends of anchored truss bolts, using turnbuckles.
Non-Automatable
Perform tests to determine if methane gas is present.
Partially Automatable
Install various types of bolts, including truss, glue, and resin bolts, traversing entire ceiling spans.
Non-Automatable
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Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesAnalyzing Data or InformationCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
Carpenters
Low17.84%
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways.
Pile Driver Operators
Low24.77%
Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers.
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Medium39.01%
Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties.
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
Low10.60%
Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. Includes rod busters.
Sheet Metal Workers
Low29.90%
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes.
Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Low11.69%
Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.
Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators
Low20.92%
Lay, repair, and maintain track for standard or narrow-gauge railroad equipment used in regular railroad service or in plant yards, quarries, sand and gravel pits, and mines. Includes ballast cleaning machine operators and railroad bed tamping machine operators.
Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
Low27.15%
Set up or operate a variety of drills to remove underground oil and gas, or remove core samples for testing during oil and gas exploration.
Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining
Medium34.02%
Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials.
Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
Medium37.50%
Operate a variety of drills such as rotary, churn, and pneumatic to tap subsurface water and salt deposits, to remove core samples during mineral exploration or soil testing, and to facilitate the use of explosives in mining or construction. Includes horizontal and earth boring machine operators.
Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
Low26.46%
Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures.
Continuous Mining Machine Operators
Low31.32%
Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation.
Helpers--Extraction Workers
Low24.71%
Help extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers, blasters and explosives workers, derrick operators, and mining machine operators, by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying equipment or cleaning work area.
Riggers
Low19.42%
Set up or repair rigging for construction projects, manufacturing plants, logging yards, ships and shipyards, or for the entertainment industry.
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
Low28.35%
Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and ventilating systems.
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
Low25.88%
Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products.
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Medium34.24%
Set up, operate, or tend forging machines to taper, shape, or form metal or plastic parts.
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
Medium44.55%
Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment.
Crane and Tower Operators
Medium38.20%
Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift and move materials, machines, or products in many directions.
Hoist and Winch Operators
Low24.71%
Operate or tend hoists or winches to lift and pull loads using power-operated cable equipment.