Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
Medium48.97%
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$58,870
Median$93,310
High (90th %)$151,300
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Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.
The occupation "Architects, Except Landscape and Naval" has an automation risk of 49.0%, reflecting a moderate likelihood that parts of the job could be automated in the near future. This figure is slightly below the base risk of 50.0%, indicating that while some tasks are highly amenable to automation, significant portions of an architect’s role still require human expertise. Automation is primarily driven by advances in digital tools and artificial intelligence, which can streamline technical aspects of architectural work. For instance, software can efficiently generate construction documents or visualize aesthetic representations, reducing the need for manual drafting and some design iterations. Despite this, decision-making, creativity, and complex problem-solving remain as important factors in architectural workflows. The most automatable tasks in this occupation are those centered on technical production and routine planning activities. Among these, developing final construction plans, preparing scale drawings using computer-aided design (CAD), and compiling detailed information on specifications, materials, and costs can be handled increasingly by sophisticated software. These tasks often involve structured data, repeatable processes, and established design conventions, making them well-suited for algorithmic approaches. As a result, computer programs can take over much of the drafting, modeling, and cost estimation work, helping to drive automation risk upward for these aspects of the architect’s responsibilities. Conversely, the most automation-resistant tasks are those requiring advanced analytical thinking, specialized expertise, and creative judgment. Preparing manuals, studies, or reports demands a nuanced understanding of both technical and human factors. Similarly, calculating energy savings compared to baseline standards involves interpreting regulations and evaluating innovative solutions within real-world constraints. Designing environmentally sound upgrades, such as advanced lighting systems or green roofs, requires originality and adaptability—skills that algorithms struggle to replicate. The consistently low risk associated with originality (4.0%–4.3%) underscores its importance as a bottleneck skill; this creative capacity sets architects apart from automated systems, ensuring a continued need for human input in the field.
Filter by Automatable Status
Develop final construction plans that include aesthetic representations of the structure or details for its construction.
Partially Automatable
Prepare scale drawings or architectural designs, using computer-aided design or other tools.
Partially Automatable
Consult with clients to determine functional or spatial requirements of structures.
Partially Automatable
Meet with clients to review or discuss architectural drawings.
Non-Automatable
Monitor the work of specialists, such as electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, interior designers, or sound specialists to ensure optimal form or function of designs or final structures.
Partially Automatable
Integrate engineering elements into unified architectural designs.
Partially Automatable
Plan layouts of structural architectural projects.
Partially Automatable
Conduct periodic on-site observations of construction work to monitor compliance with plans.
Partially Automatable
Prepare contract documents for building contractors.
Partially Automatable
Direct activities of technicians engaged in preparing drawings or specification documents.
Partially Automatable
Administer construction contracts.
Partially Automatable
Create three-dimensional or interactive representations of designs, using computer-assisted design software.
Partially Automatable
Represent clients in obtaining bids or awarding construction contracts.
Partially Automatable
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentations to generate new work opportunities.
Partially Automatable
Perform predesign services, such as feasibility or environmental impact studies.
Partially Automatable
Design structures that incorporate environmentally friendly building practices or concepts, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards.
Partially Automatable
Design or plan construction of green building projects to minimize adverse environmental impact or conserve energy.
Partially Automatable
Gather information related to projects' environmental sustainability or operational efficiency.
Partially Automatable
Inspect proposed building sites to determine suitability for construction.
Partially Automatable
Calculate potential energy savings by comparing estimated energy consumption of proposed design to baseline standards.
Automatable
Prepare operating and maintenance manuals, studies, or reports.
Partially Automatable
Prepare information regarding design, structure specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, or construction time.
Partially Automatable
Plan or design structures such as residences, office buildings, theatres, factories, or other structural properties in accordance with environmental, safety, or other regulations.
Partially Automatable
Design environmentally sound structural upgrades to existing buildings, such as natural lighting systems, green roofs, or rainwater collection systems.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordination
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyForeign LanguageGeographyMedicine and DentistryHistory and ArcheologyFine ArtsPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationSociology and AnthropologyEnglish LanguageEducation and TrainingTherapy and CounselingAdministrativePsychology
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking Creatively
Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosoft Internet Explorer1ST Pricing Window & Door ToolkitArtifice DesignWorkshopAutodesk 3ds Max DesignAutodesk Architectural StudioPostgreSQLPuppetAutoDesSys form ZQlik Tech QlikViewAzTechSoft GPS2CADBeamChekCraftsman CD EstimatorFEMA EMMIEFileNet P8Graphisoft ArchiCADMcNeel Rhinoceros 3DMyFamilySoftware Instant ArchitectQuest Erwin Data ModelerMicrosoft ProjectAdobe PhotoshopApache HadoopDatabase softwareAmazon Web Services AWS softwareAdobe InDesignQuark enterprise publishing softwareAmazon RedshiftApache HiveApache PigNoSQLAutodesk RevitApache MavenAutodesk AutoCAD Civil 3DTrimble SketchUp ProAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2ChefComputer aided manufacturing CAM softwareMicrosoft OutlookVerilogTurtle Creek Software GoldensealOracle JDBCNavisWorks JetstreamQuality Plans & Software HVAC CalculatorRoof Builder ToolsTurtle Creek Software Goldenseal (time accounting feature)VectorWorks ARCHITECTVirtual reality modeling language VRML software1ST Pricing Window & Door ToolkitApplied Search Technology CADFindAutodesk Architectural StudioBQE Software ArchiOfficeDrcauto Smart Architect LT ProDrcauto Smart Architect LT ProMicro-Press MicroStation PowerDraftMicro-Press MicroStation PowerDraftQuality Plans & Software HVAC CalculatorTurtle Creek Software Goldenseal (accounting feature)Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal (calendar and scheduling feature)Turtle Creek Software Goldenseal (calendar and scheduling feature)Applied Search Technology CADFindArtifice DesignWorkshopBQE Software ArchiOfficeAutodesk 3ds Max DesignAutoDesSys form ZAzTechSoft GPS2CADBeamChekCraftsman CD EstimatorFEMA EMMIEFileNet P8Graphisoft ArchiCADMcNeel Rhinoceros 3DMyFamilySoftware Instant ArchitectNavisWorks JetstreamMicrosoft ProjectAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Creative Cloud softwareApache HadoopDatabase softwareAmazon RedshiftAmazon Web Services AWS softwareAutodesk AutoCADApache HiveApache PigNoSQLApache CassandraAutodesk RevitMongoDBAutodesk AutoCAD Civil 3DChefESRI ArcGIS softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerShellOracle JDBCComputer aided design and drafting software CADDRoof Builder ToolsTurtle Creek Software Goldenseal (time accounting feature)VectorWorks ARCHITECTVirtual reality modeling language VRML softwarePostgreSQLPuppetQlik Tech QlikViewQuest Erwin Data ModelerTurtle Creek Software Goldenseal (accounting feature)Quark enterprise publishing softwareTrimble SketchUp ProVerilogAdobe IllustratorOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementOracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio ManagementBentley MicroStationAmazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2Turtle Creek Software GoldensealAdobe Creative Cloud softwareAutodesk AutoCADComputer aided manufacturing CAM softwareAdobe AcrobatAdobe AcrobatAdobe IllustratorAdobe InDesignApache CassandraBentley MicroStationApache MavenMongoDBOracle Primavera SystemsOracle Primavera SystemsComputer aided design and drafting software CADDESRI ArcGIS softwareMicrosoft PowerShellIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Internet ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerIntuit QuickBooksMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordMicrosoft WordMicrosoft Access
Facilities Managers
Medium49.28%
Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus.
Construction Managers
Medium49.23%
Plan, direct, or coordinate, usually through subordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of a construction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, budgeting, and implementation. Includes managers in specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing.
Architectural and Engineering Managers
Medium49.05%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields.
Wind Energy Development Managers
Medium49.23%
Lead or manage the development and evaluation of potential wind energy business opportunities, including environmental studies, permitting, and proposals. May also manage construction of projects.
Project Management Specialists
Medium52.50%
Analyze and coordinate the schedule, timeline, procurement, staffing, and budget of a product or service on a per project basis. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. May serve as a point of contact for the client or customer.
Sustainability Specialists
Medium54.37%
Address organizational sustainability issues, such as waste stream management, green building practices, and green procurement plans.
Landscape Architects
Medium49.03%
Plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.
Civil Engineers
Medium50.63%
Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
Industrial Engineers
Medium52.84%
Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination.
Solar Energy Systems Engineers
Medium52.85%
Perform site-specific engineering analysis or evaluation of energy efficiency and solar projects involving residential, commercial, or industrial customers. Design solar domestic hot water and space heating systems for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of structural energy requirements, local climates, solar technology, and thermodynamics.
Architectural and Civil Drafters
Medium55.34%
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.
Electrical and Electronics Drafters
Medium56.65%
Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout drawings used for the manufacture, installation, or repair of electrical equipment.
Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Medium52.78%
Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium44.62%
Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Commercial and Industrial Designers
Medium44.65%
Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.
Interior Designers
Medium48.98%
Plan, design, and furnish the internal space of rooms or buildings. Design interior environments or create physical layouts that are practical, aesthetic, and conducive to the intended purposes. May specialize in a particular field, style, or phase of interior design.
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
Medium54.17%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construction or extraction workers.
Solar Energy Installation Managers
Medium45.97%
Direct work crews installing residential or commercial solar photovoltaic or thermal systems.
Construction and Building Inspectors
Medium46.69%
Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing.
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Low30.19%
Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.
Surveyors
Medium50.29%
Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.
Transportation Engineers
Medium49.13%
Develop plans for surface transportation projects, according to established engineering standards and state or federal construction policy. Prepare designs, specifications, or estimates for transportation facilities. Plan modifications of existing streets, highways, or freeways to improve traffic flow.
Set and Exhibit Designers
Medium47.21%
Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles.
Solar Sales Representatives and Assessors
Medium62.51%
Contact new or existing customers to determine their solar equipment needs, suggest systems or equipment, or estimate costs.