Acute Care Nurses
Medium35.99%
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$63,720
Median$86,070
High (90th %)$132,680
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Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
The occupation "Acute Care Nurses" has an automation risk of 36.0%, which is closely aligned with its base risk of 36.5%. This moderate risk reflects the blend of routine, protocol-driven tasks and complex, patient-centered responsibilities inherent to acute care nursing. While advancements in technology, such as electronic health records and clinical automation tools, can support and even fully automate some tasks, many functions performed by acute care nurses still require nuanced human judgment and direct patient interaction. Among the most automatable tasks for acute care nurses are performing emergency medical procedures like BLS and ACLS, managing patients' pain relief and sedation, and documenting patient care data. These duties involve standardized protocols and structured decision-making processes, which can potentially be replicated by machines or algorithm-driven systems. For instance, documentation can be expedited or managed by advanced speech recognition and automated data entry systems, while some elements of emergency procedures can be delivered by robotic devices under clinician guidance. Similarly, pain management protocols can be automated to a degree, especially in monitoring and adjusting medication based on defined parameters. However, several core functions remain highly resistant to automation. Tasks such as assisting patients in organizing their health care system activities, analyzing the complexities of therapeutic interventions, and ordering or interpreting diagnostic tests require sophisticated judgment, empathy, and communication—skills that current AI and automation technologies cannot effectively replicate. The occupation is also bottlenecked by the need for originality (3.0%) in problem-solving and patient care planning, further decreasing its automation risk. The holistic, adaptable, and interpersonal nature of many nursing activities ensures that the occupation retains significant elements of human indispensability, resulting in its observed risk level.
Filter by Automatable Status
Manage patients' pain relief and sedation by providing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, monitoring patients' responses, and changing care plans accordingly.
Partially Automatable
Document data related to patients' care, including assessment results, interventions, medications, patient responses, or treatment changes.
Partially Automatable
Diagnose acute or chronic conditions that could result in rapid physiological deterioration or life-threatening instability.
Partially Automatable
Administer blood and blood product transfusions or intravenous infusions, monitoring patients for adverse reactions.
Non-Automatable
Assess urgent and emergent health conditions, using both physiologically and technologically derived data.
Partially Automatable
Interpret information obtained from electrocardiograms (EKGs) or radiographs (x-rays).
Partially Automatable
Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory work.
Non-Automatable
Collaborate with patients to plan for future health care needs or to coordinate transitions and referrals.
Partially Automatable
Refer patients for specialty consultations or treatments.
Partially Automatable
Set up, operate, or monitor invasive equipment and devices, such as colostomy or tracheotomy equipment, mechanical ventilators, catheters, gastrointestinal tubes, and central lines.
Non-Automatable
Discuss illnesses and treatments with patients and family members.
Non-Automatable
Distinguish between normal and abnormal developmental and age-related physiological and behavioral changes in acute, critical, and chronic illness.
Partially Automatable
Collaborate with members of multidisciplinary health care teams to plan, manage, or assess patient treatments.
Partially Automatable
Assess the needs of patients' family members or caregivers.
Partially Automatable
Perform administrative duties that facilitate admission, transfer, or discharge of patients.
Partially Automatable
Provide formal and informal education to other staff members.
Partially Automatable
Treat wounds or superficial lacerations.
Non-Automatable
Participate in patients' care meetings and conferences.
Partially Automatable
Participate in the development of practice protocols.
Partially Automatable
Adjust settings on patients' assistive devices, such as temporary pacemakers.
Partially Automatable
Order, perform, or interpret the results of diagnostic tests and screening procedures based on assessment results, differential diagnoses, and knowledge about age, gender and health status of clients.
Partially Automatable
Analyze the indications, contraindications, risk complications, and cost-benefit tradeoffs of therapeutic interventions.
Partially Automatable
Assist patients in organizing their health care system activities.
Partially Automatable
Perform emergency medical procedures, such as basic cardiac life support (BLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), and other condition-stabilizing interventions.
Non-Automatable
Assess the impact of illnesses or injuries on patients' health, function, growth, development, nutrition, sleep, rest, quality of life, or family, social and educational relationships.
Partially Automatable
Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in acute care.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordination
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingLaw and Government
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDocumenting/Recording InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
IBM Lotus NotesMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordSAP softwareMicrosoft TeamsGE Healthcare Centricity EMRAllscripts Professional EHRAmkai AmkaiChartsBizmatics PrognoCIS EMRChartWare EMRMicrosoft Excele-MDs softwareeClinicalWorks EHR softwareMedscribbler EnterpriseSOAPware EMRSynaMed EMRTexas Medical Software SpringCharts EMRCerner MillenniumMicroFour PracticeStudio.NET EMRNextGen Healthcare Information Systems EMRStatCom Patient Flow Logistics Enterprise SuiteIBM Lotus NotesMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointSAP softwareMicrosoft TeamsGE Healthcare Centricity EMRMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareAllscripts Professional EHRAmkai AmkaiChartsBizmatics PrognoCIS EMRChartWare EMRe-MDs softwareMedscribbler EnterpriseCerner MillenniumSOAPware EMRSynaMed EMRTexas Medical Software SpringCharts EMRMicroFour PracticeStudio.NET EMRNextGen Healthcare Information Systems EMRStatCom Patient Flow Logistics Enterprise SuiteeClinicalWorks EHR softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft WordMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Access
Physician Assistants
Medium41.05%
Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants.
Physical Therapists
Medium36.93%
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury.
Respiratory Therapists
Low32.47%
Assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders. Assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including the supervision of respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate and conduct therapeutic procedures; maintain patient records; and select, assemble, check, and operate equipment.
Registered Nurses
Medium37.38%
Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required.
Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses
Medium38.93%
Assess, diagnose, and treat individuals and families with mental health or substance use disorders or the potential for such disorders. Apply therapeutic activities, including the prescription of medication, per state regulations, and the administration of psychotherapy.
Critical Care Nurses
Medium38.18%
Provide specialized nursing care for patients in critical or coronary care units.
Clinical Nurse Specialists
Medium40.96%
Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards.
Nurse Midwives
Medium35.18%
Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.
Nurse Practitioners
Medium43.76%
Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
Anesthesiologists
Medium38.32%
Administer anesthetics and analgesics for pain management prior to, during, or after surgery.
Cardiologists
Medium38.46%
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Medium39.71%
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.
Family Medicine Physicians
Medium43.08%
Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment.
General Internal Medicine Physicians
Medium37.53%
Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians
Medium37.64%
Diagnose and treat disorders requiring physiotherapy to provide physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation.
Pediatric Surgeons
Low27.78%
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.
Emergency Medical Technicians
Low25.00%
Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.
Paramedics
Low19.23%
Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Low29.14%
Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required.
Nursing Assistants
Low27.74%
Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.
Health Informatics Specialists
Medium49.02%
Apply knowledge of nursing and informatics to assist in the design, development, and ongoing modification of computerized health care systems. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the health care system.
Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary
Medium39.85%
Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and clinical units to nursing students. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
Anesthesiologist Assistants
Low29.30%
Assist anesthesiologists in the administration of anesthesia for surgical and non-surgical procedures. Monitor patient status and provide patient care during surgical treatment.
Occupational Therapists
Medium41.83%
Assess, plan, and organize rehabilitative programs that help build or restore vocational, homemaking, and daily living skills, as well as general independence, to persons with disabilities or developmental delays. Use therapeutic techniques, adapt the individual's environment, teach skills, and modify specific tasks that present barriers to the individual.
Speech-Language Pathologists
Medium42.70%
Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. May select alternative communication systems and teach their use. May perform research related to speech and language problems.
Exercise Physiologists
Medium48.16%
Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility.
Nurse Anesthetists
Low30.75%
Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
Psychiatrists
Medium38.90%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent mental disorders.
Hospitalists
Medium42.13%
Provide inpatient care predominantly in settings such as medical wards, acute care units, intensive care units, rehabilitation centers, or emergency rooms. Manage and coordinate patient care throughout treatment.
Preventive Medicine Physicians
Medium44.14%
Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention.
Dental Hygienists
Low12.35%
Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia.
Psychiatric Technicians
Low21.57%
Care for individuals with mental or emotional conditions or disabilities, following the instructions of physicians or other health practitioners. Monitor patients' physical and emotional well-being and report to medical staff. May participate in rehabilitation and treatment programs, help with personal hygiene, and administer oral or injectable medications.
Patient Representatives
Medium47.37%
Assist patients in obtaining services, understanding policies and making health care decisions.
Genetic Counselors
Medium46.63%
Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to genetic conditions or genetic counseling.
Surgical Assistants
Low14.08%
Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site.
Midwives
Medium41.74%
Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance.
Home Health Aides
Low19.72%
Monitor the health status of an individual with disabilities or illness, and address their health-related needs, such as changing bandages, dressing wounds, or administering medication. Work is performed under the direction of offsite or intermittent onsite licensed nursing staff. Provide assistance with routine healthcare tasks or activities of daily living, such as feeding, bathing, toileting, or ambulation. May also help with tasks such as preparing meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry depending on the patient's abilities.
Orderlies
Low22.50%
Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.
Psychiatric Aides
Low20.31%
Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.
Occupational Therapy Assistants
Low32.46%
Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally requires formal training.
Occupational Therapy Aides
Low32.90%
Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room.
Physical Therapist Assistants
Low22.30%
Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training.
Physical Therapist Aides
Low24.73%
Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area.