Salary Range
Low (10th %)$79,760
Median$--
High (90th %)$--
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Diagnose and treat diseases and injuries using medical imaging techniques, such as x rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasounds. May perform minimally invasive medical procedures and tests.
The automation risk for the occupation "Radiologists" is 41.8%, a figure derived from a base risk of 42.5%. This moderate risk reflects both the high suitability of certain radiological responsibilities for automation and the continued importance of human expertise in others. Tasks such as preparing comprehensive interpretive reports, performing or interpreting diagnostic imaging procedures (like MRIs, CT scans, and ultrasounds), and documenting the performance or outcomes of these procedures are among the most automatable. This is largely due to advances in artificial intelligence, which have demonstrated considerable success in image pattern recognition, rapid report generation, and standardized documentation, all of which align with the data-driven nature of these radiological tasks. Despite these trends, several core aspects of the radiologist's work remain resistant to automation. Notably, tasks like testing dosage evaluation instruments, teaching nuclear medicine or diagnostic radiology at the graduate level, and reviewing procedure requests with detailed patient histories demand sophisticated judgment, adaptability, and interpersonal skills. These activities often require the radiologist to engage in complex problem-solving, mentor and instruct future clinicians, or make individualized decisions based on nuanced patient information—elements that are challenging for automation tools to replicate accurately or empathetically. Moreover, the principal bottleneck skill limiting full automation in radiology is originality, identified at a level of about 3%. While automation systems excel at repetitive and pattern-based processes, they currently struggle to match the creative and innovative thinking needed for atypical cases, research advancements, or educational mentorship within radiology. This skill is crucial, especially in scenarios where unique diagnostic challenges arise or where novel solutions must be developed for new medical frontiers. Consequently, although automation is set to transform several routine elements of the radiologist’s workflow, these human-centric and originality-driven tasks will continue to necessitate skilled professionals in the foreseeable future.
Filter by Automatable Status
Prepare comprehensive interpretive reports of findings.
Partially Automatable
Perform or interpret the outcomes of diagnostic imaging procedures including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), nuclear cardiology treadmill studies, mammography, or ultrasound.
Partially Automatable
Document the performance, interpretation, or outcomes of all procedures performed.
Partially Automatable
Communicate examination results or diagnostic information to referring physicians, patients, or families.
Partially Automatable
Obtain patients' histories from electronic records, patient interviews, dictated reports, or by communicating with referring clinicians.
Partially Automatable
Review or transmit images and information using picture archiving or communications systems.
Partially Automatable
Confer with medical professionals regarding image-based diagnoses.
Partially Automatable
Develop or monitor procedures to ensure adequate quality control of images.
Partially Automatable
Provide counseling to radiologic patients to explain the processes, risks, benefits, or alternative treatments.
Partially Automatable
Establish or enforce standards for protection of patients or personnel.
Partially Automatable
Coordinate radiological services with other medical activities.
Partially Automatable
Instruct radiologic staff in desired techniques, positions, or projections.
Partially Automatable
Participate in continuing education activities to maintain and develop expertise.
Non-Automatable
Participate in quality improvement activities including discussions of areas where risk of error is high.
Partially Automatable
Develop treatment plans for radiology patients.
Partially Automatable
Administer radioisotopes to clinical patients or research subjects.
Non-Automatable
Advise other physicians of the clinical indications, limitations, assessments, or risks of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radioactive materials.
Non-Automatable
Calculate, measure, or prepare radioisotope dosages.
Partially Automatable
Check and approve the quality of diagnostic images before patients are discharged.
Partially Automatable
Compare nuclear medicine procedures with other types of procedures, such as computed tomography, ultrasonography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography.
Automatable
Direct nuclear medicine technologists or technicians regarding desired dosages, techniques, positions, and projections.
Non-Automatable
Establish and enforce radiation protection standards for patients and staff.
Partially Automatable
Formulate plans and procedures for nuclear medicine departments.
Partially Automatable
Monitor handling of radioactive materials to ensure that established procedures are followed.
Partially Automatable
Prescribe radionuclides and dosages to be administered to individual patients.
Partially Automatable
Teach nuclear medicine, diagnostic radiology, or other specialties at graduate educational level.
Partially Automatable
Test dosage evaluation instruments and survey meters to ensure they are operating properly.
Partially Automatable
Recognize or treat complications during and after procedures, including blood pressure problems, pain, oversedation, or bleeding.
Non-Automatable
Perform interventional procedures such as image-guided biopsy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, transhepatic biliary drainage, or nephrostomy catheter placement.
Non-Automatable
Review procedure requests and patients' medical histories to determine applicability of procedures and radioisotopes to be used.
Partially Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningWritingCritical ThinkingLearning StrategiesComplex Problem SolvingOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisJudgment and Decision MakingSystems EvaluationSpeakingMathematicsScienceActive LearningMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementBiologyAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and Counseling
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentControlling Machines and ProcessesCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving Objects
Alteer OfficeAllscripts Professional EHRBizmatics PrognoCIS EMRACOM Solutions RAPID EMRAllscripts PMAutomatic Data Processing AdvancedMD EHRCareCloud CentralCerner PowerWorks Practice ManagementAdvanced Data Systems MedicsRisComputer aided image analysis softwareDigital image processing softwareGalacTek ECLIPSEMEDITECH softwareEpic SystemsIOS Health Systems Medios EHRGE Healthcare Centricity EMRSOAPware EMRVoice recognition softwareEpic Practice ManagementGE Healthcare Centricity Practice SolutionGreenway Medical Technologies PrimeSUITEHealthFusion MediTouchKareo Practice ManagementMcKesson Practice PlusMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareNextGen Healthcare NextGen Practice ManagementsimplifyMDMicrosoft ExcelWRSHealth EMRPatient management softwareModernizing Medicine Practice ManagementVitera Healthcare Solutions Vitera IntergyFujifilm SynapseGE Healthcare ViewPoint for RadiologyHosted PACS SolutionsInfinite Radiology Opal-RADMaplewood Software StaffReadyMcKesson Radiology ManagermedQ Q/risMIM Software MIMcardiacMIM Software MIMfusionMIM Software MIMneuromPlexus DICOM RadiXRadiopharmacy inventory databasesScheduling softwareScheduling softwareMEDITECH softwareEpic SystemsACOM Solutions RAPID EMRAlteer OfficeGE Healthcare Centricity EMRAllscripts Professional EHRGalacTek ECLIPSEBizmatics PrognoCIS EMRAllscripts PMIOS Health Systems Medios EHReClinicalWorks EHR softwareSOAPware EMRVoice recognition softwareathenahealth athenaCollectorAutomatic Data Processing AdvancedMD EHRCareCloud CentralCerner PowerWorks Practice ManagementEpic Practice ManagementGreenway Medical Technologies PrimeSUITEHealthFusion MediTouchGE Healthcare Centricity Practice SolutionKareo Practice ManagementMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareMcKesson Practice PlusMicrosoft ExcelNextGen Healthcare NextGen Practice ManagementsimplifyMDWRSHealth EMRPatient management softwareModernizing Medicine Practice ManagementVitera Healthcare Solutions Vitera IntergyAdvanced Data Systems MedicsRisComputer aided image analysis softwareDigital image processing softwareBenchmark Systems Benchmark Clinical EHRFujifilm SynapseGE Healthcare ViewPoint for RadiologyHosted PACS SolutionsInfinite Radiology Opal-RADMcKesson Radiology ManagermedQ Q/risMIM Software MIMcardiacMIM Software MIMneuroRadiopharmacy inventory databasesMerge Healthcare Merge RISMotion correction softwareeClinicalWorks EHR softwarePatient electronic medical record EMR softwareNextGen Healthcare Information Systems EMRMaplewood Software StaffReadyNextGen Healthcare Information Systems EMRPatient electronic medical record EMR softwareathenahealth athenaCollectorBenchmark Systems Benchmark Clinical EHRAvreo Radiology Workflow SolutionsAvreo Radiology Workflow SolutionsDigital Imaging Communications in Medicine DICOM medical imaging softwareDigital Imaging Communications in Medicine DICOM medical imaging softwareMIM Software MIMfusionmPlexus DICOM RadiXMerge Healthcare Merge RISMotion correction softwareRamSoft PowerServer RIS/PACSRamSoft PowerServer RIS/PACSEmail softwareEmail software
Radiation Therapists
Medium42.66%
Provide radiation therapy to patients as prescribed by a radiation oncologist according to established practices and standards. Duties may include reviewing prescription and diagnosis; acting as liaison with physician and supportive care personnel; preparing equipment, such as immobilization, treatment, and protection devices; and maintaining records, reports, and files. May assist in dosimetry procedures and tumor localization.
Anesthesiologists
Medium38.32%
Administer anesthetics and analgesics for pain management prior to, during, or after surgery.
Cardiologists
Medium38.46%
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Medium39.71%
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.
General Internal Medicine Physicians
Medium37.53%
Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting.
Neurologists
Medium34.77%
Diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, with a primarily nonsurgical focus.
Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Medium36.09%
Provide medical care related to pregnancy or childbirth. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women, particularly those affecting the reproductive system. May also provide general care to women. May perform both medical and gynecological surgery functions.
Physicians, Pathologists
Medium41.42%
Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners.
Allergists and Immunologists
Medium38.37%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease processes affecting the immune system.
Urologists
Low29.87%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the renal glands.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians
Medium37.64%
Diagnose and treat disorders requiring physiotherapy to provide physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation.
Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric
Medium38.21%
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and help prevent disorders and diseases of the eye. May also provide vision services for treatment including glasses and contacts.
Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric
Low31.67%
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and prevent rheumatic and other diseases in the musculoskeletal system.
Pediatric Surgeons
Low27.78%
Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Medium45.83%
Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests.
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Medium39.41%
Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists.
Nuclear Medicine Technologists
Medium47.86%
Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies using a variety of radioisotope equipment. Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials and calculate doses to be administered by radiologists. Subject patients to radiation. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat absorption studies following standard laboratory techniques.
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Medium43.68%
Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists
Medium39.05%
Operate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Monitor patient safety and comfort, and view images of area being scanned to ensure quality of pictures. May administer gadolinium contrast dosage intravenously. May interview patient, explain MRI procedures, and position patient on examining table. May enter into the computer data such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation specified, and position of entry.
Neurodiagnostic Technologists
Medium46.30%
Conduct electroneurodiagnostic (END) tests such as electroencephalograms, evoked potentials, polysomnograms, or electronystagmograms. May perform nerve conduction studies.
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Medium45.59%
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities.
Veterinarians
Low30.46%
Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Medium47.65%
Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or supervise staff.
Cytogenetic Technologists
Medium55.83%
Analyze chromosomes or chromosome segments found in biological specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, solid tumors, and blood to aid in the study, diagnosis, classification, or treatment of inherited or acquired genetic diseases. Conduct analyses through classical cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) techniques.
Cytotechnologists
Medium38.03%
Stain, mount, and study cells to detect evidence of cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions following established standards and practices.
Histotechnologists
Medium47.76%
Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples. Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies.
Medical Dosimetrists
Medium49.20%
Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team.