Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse
Medium41.19%
Found in Industries:
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$30,590
Median$34,470
High (90th %)$44,010
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Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives. Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides; or cleaning, grading, sorting, packing, and loading harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.
The occupation of "Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse" has an automation risk of 41.2%, slightly below the base risk of 41.7% for comparable work. This moderate risk reflects a balance between tasks that are susceptible to mechanization and those that remain reliant on human dexterity and judgment. Many activities within this role involve repetitive processes and the standardized collection of data, making some tasks especially vulnerable to automation technologies. As the agriculture sector continues to embrace innovations like sophisticated sensors and automated equipment, processes that involve record-keeping and oversight can increasingly be handled by machines and digital systems. Among the most automatable tasks are recording information about crops—such as pesticide application, yield data, and expense tracking—which can readily be managed by digital record-keeping systems. Directing and supervising casual and seasonal labor, especially during scheduled planting and harvest periods, can be streamlined using scheduling software, drones, and autonomous machinery. Furthermore, participating in the inspection, grading, sorting, and storage of crops is increasingly supported by computer vision and robotics, which can match or even surpass human consistency in quality control operations. Conversely, the most resistant tasks are those that require fine motor skills, flexibility, and on-the-spot decision-making. Activities such as planting, spraying, weeding, fertilizing, watering, and pruning—often done with hand tools—demand a level of tactile precision and spatial awareness that current automation struggles to replicate. Repairing farm buildings, fences, and other structures is highly variable and situational, requiring creative problem-solving and adaptability. Finally, hauling and spreading materials using wheelbarrows or carts also resists automation due to irregular terrains and the need for nuanced physical adjustments. These activities rely on bottleneck skills like originality, which is only weakly automatable at 2.6% and 2.0% for the two most relevant skill levels, suggesting a continued necessity for human presence in many aspects of the occupation.
Filter by Automatable Status
Record information about crops, such as pesticide use, yields, or costs.
Automatable
Direct and monitor the work of casual and seasonal help during planting and harvesting.
Non-Automatable
Harvest plants, and transplant or pot and label them.
Partially Automatable
Repair and maintain farm vehicles, implements, and mechanical equipment.
Non-Automatable
Harvest fruits and vegetables by hand.
Non-Automatable
Set up and operate irrigation equipment.
Partially Automatable
Inform farmers or farm managers of crop progress.
Automatable
Identify plants, pests, and weeds to determine the selection and application of pesticides and fertilizers.
Partially Automatable
Load agricultural products into trucks, and drive trucks to market or storage facilities.
Partially Automatable
Clean work areas, and maintain grounds and landscaping.
Partially Automatable
Sell and deliver plants and flowers to customers.
Partially Automatable
Regulate greenhouse conditions, and indoor and outdoor irrigation systems.
Automatable
Feel plants' leaves and note their coloring to detect the presence of insects or disease.
Partially Automatable
Provide information and advice to the public regarding the selection, purchase, and care of products.
Automatable
Maintain and repair irrigation and climate control systems.
Partially Automatable
Dig, cut, and transplant seedlings, cuttings, trees, and shrubs.
Non-Automatable
Record information about plants and plant growth.
Automatable
Maintain inventory, ordering materials as required.
Automatable
Inspect plants and bud ties to assess quality.
Partially Automatable
Move containerized shrubs, plants, and trees, using wheelbarrows or tractors.
Non-Automatable
Tie and bunch flowers, plants, shrubs, and trees, wrap their roots, and pack them into boxes to fill orders.
Non-Automatable
Haul and spread topsoil, fertilizer, peat moss, and other materials to condition soil, using wheelbarrows or carts and shovels.
Non-Automatable
Repair farm buildings, fences, and other structures.
Non-Automatable
Plant, spray, weed, fertilize, water, and prune plants, shrubs, and trees, using gardening tools.
Non-Automatable
Participate in the inspection, grading, sorting, storage, and post-harvest treatment of crops.
Partially Automatable
Operate tractors, tractor-drawn machinery, and self-propelled machinery to plow, harrow and fertilize soil, or to plant, cultivate, spray and harvest crops.
Partially Automatable
Dig, rake, and screen soil, filling cold frames and hot beds in preparation for planting.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningScienceCritical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingInstallationEquipment MaintenanceQuality Control AnalysisManagement of Financial ResourcesWritingSpeakingMathematicsActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionProgrammingOperations MonitoringOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisSystems EvaluationTime ManagementManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingPublic Safety and Security
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationGetting InformationProcessing InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationCommunicating with People Outside the Organization
BCL Landview Systems WinCropFarm Works Software TracIBM Lotus NotesMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareGlobal positioning system GPS softwareMicrosoft Office softwareIBM Lotus NotesBCL Landview Systems WinCropFarm Works Software TracGlobal positioning system GPS softwareMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordWeb browser softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel
Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
Medium52.42%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities.
Soil and Plant Scientists
Medium48.11%
Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and crop productivity.
Agricultural Technicians
Medium50.20%
Work with agricultural scientists in plant, fiber, and animal research, or assist with animal breeding and nutrition. Set up or maintain laboratory equipment and collect samples from crops or animals. Prepare specimens or record data to assist scientists in biology or related life science experiments. Conduct tests and experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects.
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
Low19.04%
Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units.
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation
Low29.66%
Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires specific training and state or federal certification.
Tree Trimmers and Pruners
Low12.36%
Using sophisticated climbing and rigging techniques, cut away dead or excess branches from trees or shrubs to maintain right-of-way for roads, sidewalks, or utilities, or to improve appearance, health, and value of tree. Prune or treat trees or shrubs using handsaws, hand pruners, clippers, and power pruners. Works off the ground in the tree canopy and may use truck-mounted lifts.
Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
High69.65%
Grade, sort, or classify unprocessed food and other agricultural products by size, weight, color, or condition.
Agricultural Equipment Operators
Medium49.56%
Drive and control equipment to support agricultural activities such as tilling soil; planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops; feeding and herding livestock; or removing animal waste. May perform tasks such as crop baling or hay bucking. May operate stationary equipment to perform post-harvest tasks such as husking, shelling, threshing, and ginning.
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals
Low31.19%
Attend to live farm, ranch, open range or aquacultural animals that may include cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses and other equines, poultry, rabbits, finfish, shellfish, and bees. Attend to animals produced for animal products, such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, eggs, milk, and honey. Duties may include feeding, watering, herding, grazing, milking, castrating, branding, de-beaking, weighing, catching, and loading animals. May maintain records on animals; examine animals to detect diseases and injuries; assist in birth deliveries; and administer medications, vaccinations, or insecticides as appropriate. May clean and maintain animal housing areas. Includes workers who shear wool from sheep and collect eggs in hatcheries.
Forest and Conservation Workers
Low29.06%
Under supervision, perform manual labor necessary to develop, maintain, or protect areas such as forests, forested areas, woodlands, wetlands, and rangelands through such activities as raising and transporting seedlings; combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful to plant life; and building structures to control water, erosion, and leaching of soil. Includes forester aides, seedling pullers, tree planters, and gatherers of nontimber forestry products such as pine straw.
Fallers
Low19.26%
Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees using knowledge of tree characteristics and cutting techniques to control direction of fall and minimize tree damage.
Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
Low24.73%
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machinery and vehicles, such as tractors, harvesters, dairy equipment, and irrigation systems.
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
Low28.87%
Use hands or hand tools to perform routine cutting and trimming of meat, poultry, and seafood.
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
Medium53.38%
Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment.
Food Batchmakers
Medium63.36%
Set up and operate equipment that mixes or blends ingredients used in the manufacturing of food products. Includes candy makers and cheese makers.
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Medium48.23%
Set up, operate, or tend continuous flow or vat-type equipment; filter presses; shaker screens; centrifuges; condenser tubes; precipitating, fermenting, or evaporating tanks; scrubbing towers; or batch stills. These machines extract, sort, or separate liquids, gases, or solids from other materials to recover a refined product. Includes dairy processing equipment operators.
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Medium57.80%
Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber.
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
Medium36.17%
Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified.
Machine Feeders and Offbearers
High66.68%
Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers.
Packers and Packagers, Hand
Medium58.01%
Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and materials.
Farm Labor Contractors
Medium49.50%
Recruit and hire seasonal or temporary agricultural laborers. May transport, house, and provide meals for workers.
Pest Control Workers
Low26.55%
Apply or release chemical solutions or toxic gases and set traps to kill or remove pests and vermin that infest buildings and surrounding areas.
Animal Breeders
Medium34.20%
Select and breed animals according to their genealogy, characteristics, and offspring. May require knowledge of artificial insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree.
Fishing and Hunting Workers
Low26.38%
Hunt, trap, catch, or gather wild animals or aquatic animals and plants. May use nets, traps, or other equipment. May haul catch onto ship or other vessel.
Slaughterers and Meat Packers
Low24.83%
Perform nonroutine or precision functions involving the preparation of large portions of meat. Work may include specialized slaughtering tasks, cutting standard or premium cuts of meat for marketing, making sausage, or wrapping meats. Work typically occurs in slaughtering, meat packing, or wholesale establishments.