Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
Medium56.29%
Found in Industries:
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$48,660
Median$76,210
High (90th %)$113,540
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Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or graphic form for one or more purposes, such as legal, social, political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems. May collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data.
The occupation "Cartographers and Photogrammetrists" has an automation risk of 56.3%, which is slightly lower than the base risk of 57.1%. This risk assessment indicates a moderate likelihood of automation, primarily driven by the nature of their tasks, many of which rely heavily on established procedures, computation, and data compilation. The base risk reflects the general vulnerability of this field to technological advancements, particularly with the increasing sophistication of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing technologies, and automated mapping software. As these tools evolve, they can handle many repetitive and analytical tasks that previously required substantial human intervention, thus increasing the automation risk in this occupation. The top three most automatable tasks for cartographers and photogrammetrists further highlight this susceptibility. Compiling data required for map preparation, such as aerial photographs and survey notes, can readily be automated through digital databases and remote sensing systems. Delineating photographic details, including topography and features, using stereoplotting apparatus or drafting instruments, is now commonly performed by advanced image-processing algorithms and machine learning models. Similarly, preparing and altering maps, charts, and three-dimensional models using computer graphics equipment can be efficiently executed by specialized software, reducing the need for manual intervention and increasing the rate at which such products can be produced. In contrast, the field retains some resistance to automation due to tasks that require human oversight, judgment, and adaptability. For instance, traveling over photographed areas to observe, identify, record, and verify all relevant features necessitates physical presence and nuanced interpretation that is difficult for machines to replicate. Selecting the appropriate remote sensing techniques and equipment, as well as determining guidelines for acceptable source material, involve complex decision-making and contextual awareness. These more resistant tasks are supported by bottleneck skills such as originality, albeit at a modest level (3.0%), highlighting the importance of creative problem-solving and expert assessment—areas where full automation remains challenging. Overall, while automation can streamline much of the technical process in this occupation, human expertise continues to play a critical role in ensuring the quality and applicability of cartographic outputs.
Filter by Automatable Status
Compile data required for map preparation, including aerial photographs, survey notes, records, reports, and original maps.
Partially Automatable
Delineate aerial photographic detail, such as control points, hydrography, topography, and cultural features, using precision stereoplotting apparatus or drafting instruments.
Partially Automatable
Study legal records to establish boundaries of local, national, and international properties.
Partially Automatable
Inspect final compositions to ensure completeness and accuracy.
Partially Automatable
Revise existing maps and charts, making all necessary corrections and adjustments.
Partially Automatable
Collect information about specific features of the Earth, using aerial photography and other digital remote sensing techniques.
Partially Automatable
Examine and analyze data from ground surveys, reports, aerial photographs, and satellite images to prepare topographic maps, aerial-photograph mosaics, and related charts.
Partially Automatable
Build and update digital databases.
Automatable
Determine map content and layout, as well as production specifications such as scale, size, projection, and colors, and direct production to ensure that specifications are followed.
Partially Automatable
Determine guidelines that specify which source material is acceptable for use.
Partially Automatable
Select aerial photographic and remote sensing techniques and plotting equipment needed to meet required standards of accuracy.
Partially Automatable
Travel over photographed areas to observe, identify, record, and verify all relevant features.
Partially Automatable
Prepare and alter trace maps, charts, tables, detailed drawings, and three-dimensional optical models of terrain using stereoscopic plotting and computer graphics equipment.
Partially Automatable
Identify, scale, and orient geodetic points, elevations, and other planimetric or topographic features, applying standard mathematical formulas.
Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningOperations MonitoringQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceCritical ThinkingActive LearningLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationComplex Problem SolvingOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionInstallationProgrammingOperation and ControlEquipment MaintenanceTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisTime ManagementManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
Arm-Hand SteadinessAuditory AttentionCategory FlexibilityControl PrecisionDeductive ReasoningDepth PerceptionDynamic FlexibilityDynamic StrengthExplosive StrengthExtent FlexibilityFar VisionFinger DexterityFlexibility of ClosureFluency of IdeasGlare SensitivityGross Body CoordinationGross Body EquilibriumHearing SensitivityInductive ReasoningInformation OrderingManual DexterityMathematical ReasoningMemorizationMultilimb CoordinationNear VisionNight VisionNumber FacilityOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionOriginalityPerceptual SpeedPeripheral VisionProblem SensitivityRate ControlReaction TimeResponse OrientationSelective AttentionSound LocalizationSpatial OrientationSpeech ClaritySpeech RecognitionSpeed of ClosureSpeed of Limb MovementStaminaStatic StrengthTime SharingTrunk StrengthVisual Color DiscriminationVisualizationWrist-Finger SpeedWritten ComprehensionWritten Expression
Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsForeign LanguageGeographyMedicine and DentistryEnglish LanguageHistory and ArcheologyFine ArtsPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityPhysicsChemistryBiologySociology and AnthropologyEducation and TrainingLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationTherapy and CounselingPsychology
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationInspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving ObjectsControlling Machines and ProcessesOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesDocumenting/Recording InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleRepairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
Aerotriangulation adjustment softwareAldus FreeHandMicrosoft Internet ExplorerArbor Image DraftsmanMicrosoft Visual BasicAutodesk WorldBoeing Kork Digital MappingBoeing SoftPlotterCorporate Montage CADScriptCosmo Software Cosmo WorldDigital databasesDigital mapping softwareOracle DatabaseERDAS ER MapperMapping softwareHexagon IntergraphImage analysis softwareAdobe DreamweaverIntergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSKCLeica AEROPLAN LiDARMaster Seafloor Digital DatabasePrecision analytical aerotriangulation pugging softwareQuark ImmediaPythonAutodesk AutoCADRSI ENVIStandardized general markup language SGMLQuarkXPressIBM iSeries AccessWord processing softwareMicrosoft SharePointSAP softwareComputer aided design CAD softwareStructured query language SQLMicrosoft operating systemSpreadsheet softwareMapInfoGeographic information system GIS softwareESRI ArcViewJavaScript Object Notation JSONESRI ArcInfoGeomechanical design analysis GDA softwareSAP Adaptive Server EnterpriseMicrosoft OutlookSoftware development toolsRockWare ArcMapSteroplotter softwareTerrasolid TerraScanWorld Vector ShorelineBentley Systems InRoads SuiteBentley Systems InRoads SuiteCorporate Montage CADScriptESRI softwareHexagon IntergraphImage processing softwareIntergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSKMapthematics GeoCartMultiGen Paradigm Vega PrimeMultiGen Paradigm Vega PrimePrecision analytical aerotriangulation pugging softwareRand McNally World Digital DatabaseTerrasolid TerraScanTextron Systems Geospatial Solutions RemoteViewMicrosoft Internet ExplorerMapthematics GeoCartMicrosoft Visual BasicMicrosoft WindowsAerotriangulation adjustment softwareOracle DatabaseAldus FreeHandArbor Image DraftsmanAutodesk WorldBoeing Kork Digital MappingBoeing SoftPlotterCosmo Software Cosmo WorldDigital databasesDigital mapping softwareERDAS ER MapperImage analysis softwareMapping softwareImage processing softwareLeica AEROPLAN LiDARAdobe DreamweaverMaster Seafloor Digital DatabaseRand McNally World Digital DatabaseCMicrosoft SharePointSAP softwarePythonStructured query language SQLAutodesk AutoCADQuarkXPressIBM iSeries AccessComputer aided design CAD softwareMicrosoft operating systemSpreadsheet softwareMapInfoESRI ArcViewJavaScript Object Notation JSONMicrosoft AccessESRI ArcGIS softwareESRI ArcInfoGeomechanical design analysis GDA softwareSAP Adaptive Server EnterpriseSoftware development toolsQuark ImmediaRSI ENVIStandardized general markup language SGMLSteroplotter softwareESRI softwareWorld Vector ShorelineTextron Systems Geospatial Solutions RemoteViewAdobe InDesignAdobe InDesignWord processing softwareBentley MicroStationGeographic information system GIS softwareGeographic information system GIS systemsGeographic information system GIS systemsCorel CorelDraw Graphics SuiteAdobe PhotoshopAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Creative Cloud softwareAdobe AcrobatAdobe AcrobatMicrosoft WindowsAdobe IllustratorBentley MicroStationESRI ArcGIS softwareDesktop publishing softwareDesktop publishing softwareCorel CorelDraw Graphics SuiteRockWare ArcMapEmail softwareMicrosoft AccessAdobe IllustratorEmail softwareExtensible markup language XMLExtensible markup language XMLMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft PowerPointMicrosoft WordMicrosoft WordAdobe Creative Cloud software
Database Architects
Medium50.12%
Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality.
Software Developers
Medium51.32%
Research, design, and develop computer and network software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop specifications and performance requirements. May maintain databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team.
Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians
Medium51.81%
Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases. May also perform some custom application development or provide user support.
Data Scientists
Medium59.38%
Develop and implement a set of techniques or analytics applications to transform raw data into meaningful information using data-oriented programming languages and visualization software. Apply data mining, data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured datasets. Visualize, interpret, and report data findings. May create dynamic data reports.
Surveyors
Medium50.29%
Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.
Geodetic Surveyors
Medium60.06%
Measure large areas of the Earth's surface using satellite observations, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), light detection and ranging (LIDAR), or related sources.
Architectural and Civil Drafters
Medium55.34%
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.
Electrical and Electronics Drafters
Medium56.65%
Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout drawings used for the manufacture, installation, or repair of electrical equipment.
Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Medium52.78%
Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Medium44.30%
Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions.
Calibration Technologists and Technicians
Medium50.00%
Execute or adapt procedures and techniques for calibrating measurement devices, by applying knowledge of measurement science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and electronics, sometimes under the direction of engineering staff. Determine measurement standard suitability for calibrating measurement devices. May perform preventive maintenance on equipment. May perform corrective actions to address identified calibration problems.
Surveying and Mapping Technicians
Medium54.28%
Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps.
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Medium49.96%
Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.
Hydrologists
Medium50.06%
Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere.
Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists
Medium43.98%
Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems.
Geographers
Medium47.14%
Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global.
Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
Medium52.73%
Assist scientists or engineers in the use of electronic, sonic, or nuclear measuring instruments in laboratory, exploration, and production activities to obtain data indicating resources such as metallic ore, minerals, gas, coal, or petroleum. Analyze mud and drill cuttings. Chart pressure, temperature, and other characteristics of wells or bore holes.
Hydrologic Technicians
Medium53.13%
Collect and organize data concerning the distribution and circulation of ground and surface water, and data on its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground water levels, maintain field equipment, collect water samples, install and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to testing laboratories. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists, engineers, developers, government agencies, or agriculture.
Remote Sensing Technicians
Medium60.88%
Apply remote sensing technologies to assist scientists in areas such as natural resources, urban planning, or homeland security. May prepare flight plans or sensor configurations for flight trips.
Statistical Assistants
High75.61%
Compile and compute data according to statistical formulas for use in statistical studies. May perform actuarial computations and compile charts and graphs for use by actuaries. Includes actuarial clerks.