Phlebotomists
Medium36.54%
Salary Range
Low (10th %)$33,310
Median$41,810
High (90th %)$55,330
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Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions.
The occupation of phlebotomists faces a moderate automation risk, assessed at 36.5%, which is close to the base risk of 37.0%. This percentage reflects a balance between the routine, repetitive tasks inherent to the job and the interpersonal or judgment-based responsibilities that are resistant to automation. Many core duties, such as preparing and cleaning tools, disposing of medical waste, and the actual procedure of drawing blood, follow strict protocols and standardized processes, making them prime candidates for automation as advancements in robotics and automated systems improve. These processes benefit from reliable execution, minimal error, and increased efficiency when performed by machines, which justifies their higher automatable potential. Among the tasks most susceptible to automation, disposing of contaminated sharps in compliance with safety regulations can be systematically managed through automated handling and disposal devices, reducing risk to humans. Likewise, organizing and cleaning blood-drawing trays to ensure the use of sterile, single-use instruments is a repetitive, rules-based activity that fits well with machine precision and consistency. Drawing blood itself, while historically reliant on human dexterity and technique, is becoming increasingly viable for automation due to the emergence of robotic phlebotomy devices that can locate veins and conduct venipuncture with high accuracy, thus reducing the need for direct human involvement in routine collections. Conversely, some tasks are more resistant to automation due to their reliance on human interaction, adaptability, and judgment. Serving refreshments to donors, for instance, involves monitoring donor reactions and providing reassurance—an area where empathy and observation are crucial. Calibrating and maintaining specialized plasma collection machines also calls for troubleshooting and adaptation to unexpected issues, tasks that require nuanced understanding beyond what current automated systems provide. Additionally, determining donor suitability involves interpreting medical history, vital signs, and interview responses, all of which demand decision-making and contextual awareness. These aspects draw on skills such as originality (recorded at 2.4% and 2.1% in bottleneck skills), which measure the non-routine, creative problem-solving abilities less likely to be replicated by machines, thus anchoring a significant portion of phlebotomists’ roles outside the reach of full automation.
Filter by Automatable Status
Organize or clean blood-drawing trays, ensuring that all instruments are sterile and all needles, syringes, or related items are of first-time use.
Non-Automatable
Draw blood from veins by vacuum tube, syringe, or butterfly venipuncture methods.
Non-Automatable
Match laboratory requisition forms to specimen tubes.
Automatable
Dispose of blood or other biohazard fluids or tissue, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, or policies.
Partially Automatable
Collect specimens at specific time intervals for tests, such as those assessing therapeutic drug levels.
Non-Automatable
Process blood or other fluid samples for further analysis by other medical professionals.
Partially Automatable
Provide sample analysis results to physicians to assist diagnosis.
Partially Automatable
Enter patient, specimen, insurance, or billing information into computer.
Automatable
Document route of specimens from collection to laboratory analysis and diagnosis.
Automatable
Draw blood from capillaries by dermal puncture, such as heel or finger stick methods.
Non-Automatable
Conduct hemoglobin tests to ensure donor iron levels are normal.
Partially Automatable
Transport specimens or fluid samples from collection sites to laboratories.
Non-Automatable
Collect fluid or tissue samples, using appropriate collection procedures.
Non-Automatable
Explain fluid or tissue collection procedures to patients.
Partially Automatable
Train other medical personnel in phlebotomy or laboratory techniques.
Partially Automatable
Draw blood from arteries, using arterial collection techniques.
Non-Automatable
Monitor blood or plasma donors during and after procedures to ensure health, safety, and comfort.
Partially Automatable
Determine donor suitability, according to interview results, vital signs, and medical history.
Partially Automatable
Calibrate or maintain machines, such as those used for plasma collection.
Partially Automatable
Serve refreshments to donors to ensure absorption of sugar into their systems.
Partially Automatable
Dispose of contaminated sharps, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, and policies.
Non-Automatable
Conduct standards tests, such as blood alcohol, blood culture, oral glucose tolerance, glucose screening, blood smears, or peak and trough drug levels tests.
Partially Automatable
Administer subcutaneous or intramuscular injects, in accordance with licensing restrictions.
Non-Automatable
Reading ComprehensionActive ListeningCritical ThinkingActive LearningComplex Problem SolvingInstallationEquipment MaintenanceQuality Control AnalysisSystems EvaluationManagement of Financial ResourcesTime ManagementWritingSpeakingMathematicsScienceLearning StrategiesMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationPersuasionNegotiationInstructingService OrientationOperations AnalysisTechnology DesignEquipment SelectionProgrammingOperations MonitoringOperation and ControlTroubleshootingRepairingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisManagement of Material ResourcesManagement of Personnel Resources
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Administration and ManagementAdministrativeEconomics and AccountingSales and MarketingCustomer and Personal ServicePersonnel and Human ResourcesProduction and ProcessingFood ProductionComputers and ElectronicsEngineering and TechnologyDesignBuilding and ConstructionMechanicalMathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologyHistory and ArcheologyPhilosophy and TheologyPublic Safety and SecurityLaw and GovernmentTelecommunicationsCommunications and MediaTransportationPsychologySociology and AnthropologyGeographyMedicine and DentistryForeign LanguageEnglish LanguageFine ArtsEducation and TrainingTherapy and Counseling
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsMonitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsGetting InformationEstimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationIdentifying Objects, Actions, and EventsJudging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleProcessing InformationEvaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsAnalyzing Data or InformationMaking Decisions and Solving ProblemsThinking CreativelyUpdating and Using Relevant KnowledgeDeveloping Objectives and StrategiesScheduling Work and ActivitiesOrganizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkOperating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentWorking with ComputersRepairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentDocumenting/Recording InformationDrafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentInterpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersCommunicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesCommunicating with People Outside the OrganizationEstablishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsAssisting and Caring for OthersSelling or Influencing OthersResolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersPerforming for or Working Directly with the PublicRepairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentControlling Machines and ProcessesCoordinating the Work and Activities of OthersDeveloping and Building TeamsTraining and Teaching OthersGuiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesCoaching and Developing OthersProviding Consultation and Advice to OthersPerforming Administrative ActivitiesStaffing Organizational UnitsMonitoring and Controlling ResourcesPerforming General Physical ActivitiesHandling and Moving Objects
Scheduling softwareJavaScriptMedical procedure coding softwareLaboratory information system LISMEDITECH softwareDonor management system softwareMEDITECH Blood BankScheduling softwareJavaScriptIatric Systems MobiLabMEDITECH softwareElectronic medical record EMR softwareDonor management system softwareMEDITECH Laboratory and MicrobiologyMedical procedure coding softwareElectronic medical record EMR softwareIatric Systems MobiLabLaboratory information system LISMEDITECH Blood BankMEDITECH Laboratory and MicrobiologyMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft ExcelMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft Office softwareMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft OutlookMicrosoft WordMicrosoft Word
Nurse Anesthetists
Low30.75%
Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Medium39.71%
Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Medium47.65%
Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or supervise staff.
Cytotechnologists
Medium38.03%
Stain, mount, and study cells to detect evidence of cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions following established standards and practices.
Histotechnologists
Medium47.76%
Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples. Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Medium43.59%
Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May work under the supervision of a medical technologist.
Histology Technicians
Low28.13%
Prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May assist with research studies.
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Medium45.83%
Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests.
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Medium39.41%
Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists.
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Medium43.68%
Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities.
Emergency Medical Technicians
Low25.00%
Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.
Paramedics
Low19.23%
Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.
Surgical Technologists
Low32.40%
Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or other surgical personnel. May help set up operating room, prepare and transport patients for surgery, adjust lights and equipment, pass instruments and other supplies to surgeons and surgeons' assistants, hold retractors, cut sutures, and help count sponges, needles, supplies, and instruments.
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Low30.19%
Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery.
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Low29.14%
Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required.
Medical Records Specialists
High73.53%
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
Neurodiagnostic Technologists
Medium46.30%
Conduct electroneurodiagnostic (END) tests such as electroencephalograms, evoked potentials, polysomnograms, or electronystagmograms. May perform nerve conduction studies.
Surgical Assistants
Low14.08%
Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site.
Nursing Assistants
Low27.74%
Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.
Medical Assistants
Medium39.45%
Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.
Cytogenetic Technologists
Medium55.83%
Analyze chromosomes or chromosome segments found in biological specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, solid tumors, and blood to aid in the study, diagnosis, classification, or treatment of inherited or acquired genetic diseases. Conduct analyses through classical cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) techniques.
Pharmacy Technicians
Medium58.91%
Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications according to prescription orders.
Opticians, Dispensing
Medium52.78%
Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians.
Orderlies
Low22.50%
Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.
Medical Equipment Preparers
Medium42.90%
Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment.
Medical Transcriptionists
High67.76%
Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction.
Pharmacy Aides
Medium60.20%
Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling.
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
Low30.03%
Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of illness, disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize laboratory and surgical equipment. May provide routine postoperative care, administer medication orally or topically, or prepare samples for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or scientists.
Animal Caretakers
Medium38.26%
Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise provide care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals that are not raised for consumption, such as dogs, cats, race horses, ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. May keep records of feedings, treatments, and animals received or discharged. May clean, disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks.
Embalmers
Low12.34%
Prepare bodies for interment in conformity with legal requirements.